Large, distinctive corvid, roughly the size of a Eurasian Jay. Note long and heavy bill, white-flecked face, and black cap. Varies considerably across its range; northern birds (Europe east to Japan) average more extensively spotted, while southern birds (Himalayas east to Taiwan) have chocolate-brown back and flanks. Short tail, white vent, and white tail markings evident during undulating, woodpecker-like flight. Inhabits coniferous and mixed forests, from lowlands up into high montane forests. Often stores nuts for the winter. Mostly resident but large numbers may irrupt periodically out of the normal range in response to food shortages. Gives a variety of calls, especially during the breeding season, including harsh grating rasps, as well as quieter “mumbling” calls and mimicry.