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Blue-backed Tanager Cyanicterus cyanicterus Scientific name definitions

Steven Hilty
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated January 1, 2011

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Introduction

Although long considered to be a Guiana Shield endemic, the generally rare and locally distributed Blue-backed Tanager is also known from a single locality south of the Amazon and west of the Rio Madeira in Brazil, which discovery was made only recently. The species favors the canopy of lowland forests, where it frequently consorts with large mixed-species flocks, and it is undoubtedly easily overlooked, especially given potentially widespread confusion between the voice of this species and that of the Fulvous Shrike-Tanager (Lanio fulvus). The Blue-backed Tanager is a comparatively large-bodied and heavy-billed tanager, and is the sole representative of the genus Cyanicterus. It is primarily clad in blue and yellow, with females being most readily distinguished from males by their yellow, rather than brilliant blue, lores, throat and upper breast.

Field Identification

17 cm; 33–36 g. Distinctive blue and yellow tanager with long, heavy bill with decurved culmen. Male has head, neck, upper breast, and upperparts, including upperwing-coverts and tail, bright cadet-blue, more violet-blue on throat and chest; lores black; flight-feathers dusky, edged bright cobalt-blue; mid-breast to undertail-coverts golden-yellow, thigh dark blue; iris orange to red; upper mandible black, lower mandible grey; legs yellowish-orange. Female is similar to male, but duller, paler, more cerulean-blue, above with greenish tinge on back, rump and wing-coverts; lores, supercilium, side of head, throat and chest deep buffy yellow, becoming bright yellow on lower underparts. Juvenile apparently undescribed.

Systematics History

Monotypic.

Subspecies

Monotypic.

Distribution

E Venezuela (R Yuruán; sight records also at San Isidro and foothills of Sierra de Lema) E across C Guyana and Suriname to French Guiana; also several tiny and presumably isolated populations in C & E Amazonian Brazil (E Amazonas, Pará).

Habitat

Humid lowland forest, tall forest borders, and adjacent tall trees in small clearings close to forest; lowlands to c. 600 m.

Movement

Almost certainly resident; pairs or groups found year after year at certain localities in E Venezuela and in C Suriname.

Diet and Foraging

Stomach contents in Suriname included beetles (Coleoptera) and bugs (Hemiptera, including homopterans). Reported as eating fruit of Cupania in French Guiana. Occurs in pairs and in little groups (possibly family parties) of up to about four individuals, high in forest canopy, in emergent trees, and may perch for short periods of time on bare branches protecting above canopy. Often with mixed-species flocks, but has habit of flying straight off to some distant high treetop, all the while calling loudly, and leaving flock behind, only to return again within 10–15 minutes. Forages by hopping in rather deliberate manner along open branches in canopy, where it peers downwards. Foraging territory apparently quite large, as pairs wander widely and their movements appear erratic and difficult to predict.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Can be quite noisy. In SE Venezuela, both sexes, while perched or in flight, give high-pitched, loud and extremely penetrating calls (possibly song), mostly of 2 or 3 notes, e.g. “peeee, puuu” or “keeee, ksuuu-ksuuu”, or various combinations, occasionally up to 5 notes in a series. In Alta Floresta, in Brazil, song, from high, often exposed perch, a slow series of single notes, pairs and triplets delivered in apparent random order, e.g. “psééup-pseep... peeps eep-eep, pee-eep, pséép-ee...” and so on for up to several minutes.

Breeding

No information.
Not globally threatened. Rare to uncommon, and possibly local; apparently absent from some seemingly suitable sites. Seems to occur normally at very low density. Confined largely to Guianan forests from extreme E Venezuela E to French Guiana, a region that has not yet suffered extensive deforestation. Because this species stays very high in forest, where difficult to detect except by voice, it could perhaps be somewhat more numerous than low frequency of sightings would suggest. Status of isolated C Brazil populations not known.
Distribution of the Blue-backed Tanager - Range Map
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  • Year-round
  • Migration
  • Breeding
  • Non-Breeding
Distribution of the Blue-backed Tanager

Recommended Citation

Hilty, S. (2020). Blue-backed Tanager (Cyanicterus cyanicterus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.blbtan2.01
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