- Kungwe Apalis
 - Kungwe Apalis
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Kungwe Apalis Apalis argentea Scientific name definitions

Peter Ryan
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated January 1, 2006

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Field Identification

11–12 cm. A rather nondescript, grey forest apalis with fairly short and strongly graduated tail. Male nominate race has forecrown and lores pale whitish-grey, rest of crown and upperparts cold grey, slight olive wash on upperparts; tail dark grey, outer four feathers white; white below, pale blue-grey wash on breast and flanks; iris reddish-brown; bill black; legs pinkish-red. Differs from A. cinerea in smaller size and shorter tail, more pale-faced appearance. Female has stronger olive wash on mantle, rump and wings. Juvenile has yellow-washed underparts. Race eidos has shorter tail than nominate, male has cold, silvery-grey upperparts without olive wash, lacks blue-grey wash below, female much as nominate.

Systematics History

Editor's Note: This article requires further editing work to merge existing content into the appropriate Subspecies sections. Please bear with us while this update takes place.

Mostly treated as a race of A. rufogularis since “tape playback experiments” evidently produced a response in the race eidos; nevertheless, differs in its white vs pale rufous throat in female (3); paler, greyer upperparts in both sexes (1); bill, on combined published evidence (1, 2) and limited sampling in NHMUK, rather longer (allow 1); and substantial differences regarding song Ornithological Note  (3). Race eidos synonymized with nominate in some treatments (1, 3, 2) but upperparts appear shaded greener in limited NHMUK material, so provisionally retained here. Two subspecies recognized.

Subspecies

Monotypic.

Distribution

E Democratic Republic of the Congo to Rwanda, Burundi and w Tanzania

Habitat

Montane forest and forest edge, often where there is bamboo (nominate race). In Nyungwe (Rwanda) and Bururi (Burundi), apparently confined to dry forest, as well as secondary growth and even isolated trees. At 1800–2200 m on Mt Mahale; 1900–2100 m (to 2350 m on dry W slopes) in Nyungwe Forest, and 1500–2000 m on Idjwi I (DRCongo).

Movement

Little known; presumably resident. Some specimens collected at 1200 m away from Mt Mahale may indicate some seasonal movement.

Diet and Foraging

Diet mainly insects. Forages singly, in pairs or in small groups of 4–6 individuals (up to 20 on Idjwi I); joins mixed-species parties in Nyungwe Forest, including those with A. cinerea, A. jacksoni and A. binotata. Forages in canopy and middle levels, also at forest edge, even when in mixed flocks. Gleans items from leaves and branches. Frequently fans tail.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Male song “prui-tju prui-tju prui-tju…” or “prui prui prui…”, sometimes accompanied by female giving “tjup” notes.

Breeding

Poorly known. Young being fed in nest in late Mar in Burundi; probably breeds Jun–Jul on Idjwi I, in L Kivu (males with enlarged testes). Only one nest found, 3·5 m up in dense-leaved tree with many lichens. No further information.

ENDANGERED, although currently considered as a race of Apalis rufogularis by BirdLife International. Restricted-range species: present in Albertine Rift Mountains EBA. Global population crudely estimated to be in excess of 10,000 individuals, and decreasing. Apparently common at L Kivi (on Idjwi I), where there are no other apalises; local elsewhere. In Nyungwe Forest, in Rwanda, common only in NW, where 0·2–0·3 pairs/ha over an area of up to 300 km². Much of this species’ forest habitat has been cleared for agriculture and timber, but substantial numbers receive some protection in forest reserves.

Distribution of the Kungwe Apalis - Range Map
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  • Year-round
  • Migration
  • Breeding
  • Non-Breeding
Distribution of the Kungwe Apalis

Recommended Citation

Ryan, P. (2020). Kungwe Apalis (Apalis argentea), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.kunapa1.01
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