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Lark-like Bunting Emberiza impetuani Scientific name definitions

Peter Ryan
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated October 3, 2017

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Field Identification

12–14 cm; 13–19 g. A rather plain, nondescript bunting. Nominate race has head sandy brown with darker brown streaking on crown, distinctive broad buffy supercilium extending well onto nape; lower cheek also paler sandy buff; mantle and back grey-brown, streaked dark brown; upperwing-coverts dark brown with broad cinnamon margins, flight-feathers dark brown with narrow cinnamon margins; throat creamy buff, merging into sandy-buff breast and belly, breast with sparse and very narrow brown streaks; iris brown; bill dark grey above, paler blue-grey or yellowish below; legs pinkish-brown. Sexes alike. Juvenile is slightly duller than adult, with more diffuse streaking and browner breast. Race sloggetti is paler that nominate, with broader pale margins on upper contour feathers.

Systematics History

Editor's Note: This article requires further editing work to merge existing content into the appropriate Subspecies sections. Please bear with us while this update takes place.

Sometimes placed in genus Fringillaria. Proposed race eremica (described from near Otjiwarongo, in NC Namibia) subsumed into nominate. Two subspecies recognized.

Subspecies


SUBSPECIES

Emberiza impetuani eremica Scientific name definitions

Distribution

coastal southern Angola to Namibia and northwestern South Africa

SUBSPECIES

Emberiza impetuani impetuani Scientific name definitions

Distribution

northern South Africa to western Botswana and southwestern Zimbabwe

SUBSPECIES

Emberiza impetuani sloggetti Scientific name definitions

Distribution

W South Africa, occasionally irrupting E to Mpumalanga, Swaziland, Lesotho and S KwaZulu-Natal.

Distribution

Editor's Note: Additional distribution information for this taxon can be found in the 'Subspecies' article above. In the future we will develop a range-wide distribution article.

Habitat

Semi-arid grasslands and shrublands, in both rocky and sandy areas. Typically associated with the Karoo system, both W succulent Karoo and E grassy Nama–Karoo, but irrupts into more mesic habitats during droughts. Occasionally visits gardens in Karoo villages.

Movement

Nomadic, following rainfall events; small numbers resident in some areas. Migrates into more mesic areas of Western Cape in summer to breed, arriving after winter rains cease. Some irrupt well E and N of normal range during droughts. Vagrants of nominate race reach Gabon, DRCongo and W Zambia.

Diet and Foraging

Diet mainly grass seeds; also some forb seeds, soft green leaves and wide diversity of invertebrates, including hairless caterpillars, termites (Isoptera), small beetles and their larvae (Coleoptera), flies (Diptera), millipedes (Diplopoda) and spiders (Araneae). Forages on ground, favouring open areas; also jumps up to pull down grass-heads. Frequently visits water to drink. Average flock size in S Karoo 31 individuals.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Male song a fairly long series of twittering and buzzy notes lasting 2–4 seconds. Contact call a soft “chip”; alarm call a deeper “chut”.

Breeding

Season linked to rainfall; moves into areas after rains, but breeds only if sufficient rain. Monogamous. Solitary, but nests often closely spaced (less than 20 m apart) in favourable conditions. Territorial; male displays by singing from prominent perch, as well as in aerial display with slow, deep wingbeats. Nest built by female, often accompanied by male, a loose cup of twigs, lined with grass seeds and rootlets, placed on ground among rocks or under small bush or grass tuft, usually on SE side shaded from sun. Clutch 2–4 eggs, rarely 5 (mean clutch size greater following good rains), whitish to pale green or pale blue, variably spotted reddish-brown and grey; incubation by female only, lasting 11–13 days; both parents feed chicks, nestling period 12–14 days. Hatching success 76%; successful nests fledge average of 2·8 chicks, but predation rates extraordinarily high (96%, over two separate studies); average breeding success only 0·08–0·1 fledglings per nest.
Not globally threatened. One of most abundant nomadic birds in the Karoo. This species’ nomadic behaviour makes it hard to protect within traditional nature reserves, but it remains abundant in much of its range. Historically was caught for the cagebird trade in Namibia, where it adapted quite well to captivity.
Distribution of the Lark-like Bunting - Range Map
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  • Year-round
  • Migration
  • Breeding
  • Non-Breeding
Distribution of the Lark-like Bunting

Recommended Citation

Ryan, P. (2020). Lark-like Bunting (Emberiza impetuani), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.lalbun1.01
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