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Peg-billed Finch Acanthidops bairdi Scientific name definitions

Alvaro Jaramillo
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated January 1, 2011

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Introduction

The Peg-billed Finch is an unusual bird with an unusual name. The bill shape is rather odd, being slightly upturned and suggesting a flowerpiercer (Diglossa spp.). The bill is also strongly bicolored, black above and yellow-orange on the mandible, further accentuating its peculiar shape. Male Peg-billed Finches are all gray, while the female is more olive-brown above, paler below and showing striking cinnamon wingbars. This tanager-finch (it is in the tanager group) is found in moist thickets, mainly those with ample coverage of bamboo. It forages for nectar in flowers, and gleans insects, as well as taking seeds. It is particularly fond of bamboo seeds, but these only occur sporadically during mass flowering of bamboo. The Peg-billed Finch is largely restricted to highlands of Costa Rica, although it is also found in adjacent westernmost Panama.

Field Identification

13 cm; 16 g. A small finch with peculiar bill shape, very narrow, in profile long and fine, yet thicker-based, looking constricted a third of the way from base, and long and thin for rest of length. Male is entirely dark grey and unstreaked, underparts only slightly paler than upperparts, on some belly paler and rear flanks olive-toned, others darker grey through­out; iris dark brown; upper mandible blackish, lower mandible often yellowish; legs dull pinkish. Female is brownish-olive above, obscurely streaked from crown to back, face greyish with pale buffy supercilium; upper­wing-coverts tipped cinnamon to whitish (creating two pale wingbars), tertials and flight-feathers edged chestnut, tail brownish; rich buff below, obscurely streaked on throat, breast and flanks, with lower flanks to undertail-coverts rich olive-russet; bare parts much as for male. Juvenile resembles female, but wingbars paler, more buffish, also paler below.

Systematics History

Species name often misspelt “bairdii” (1). Monotypic.

Subspecies

Monotypic.

Distribution

Highlands of Costa Rica (S from Cordillera Guanacaste) and W Panama (W Chiriquí).

Habitat

Edges and more open areas of highland forest and cloudforest, particularly if bamboo thickets present; forages also in pastures adjacent to forest. At 1500–3100 m.

Movement

Resident; moves locally to take advantage of periodic seeding of bamboo.

Diet and Foraging

Food primarily arthropods, both insects and spiders (Araneae); also seeds, particularly of bamboo, as well as other grasses (e.g. Trisetum), and takes nectar at times. In forest forages along limbs in manner similar to that of a foliage-gleaner (Furnariidae), also in low shrubbery and on ground; in grassy areas adjacent to forest will sally up to grass stalks and bring them down in order to feed on seeds. Consumes larger berries in curious manner, piercing them with bill and then transporting them to horizontal branch, where it squeezes berry to obtain the juice, and then discards the skin. Forages in pairs, singly and in small flocks.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Song 3–4 rapid-fire high-pitched notes followed by almost electric buzz, “t-t-t-tzééééwww”. Call a high-pitched “tsip”.

Breeding

Season Mar–Jun. Nest built by female, a bulky, compact cup of plant material, one consisted mainly of leafy liverworts, moss and very small amounts of a fruticose lichen, interior layers of fern rhizomes, straw and Thuidium moss, placed c. 2·25 m up in centre of Vaccinium shrub. Clutch typically 4 eggs, greenish-blue with very small spots of burnt amber, these concentrated at broad end and forming a wreath; incubation by female, period 12–14 days. No other information.
Not globally threatened. Restricted-range species: present in Costa Rica and Panama Highlands EBA. Generally uncommon to rare throughout its range; becomes locally common where bamboo is seeding en masse. Not a strict bamboo specialist, but the only records from Panama were during a bamboo seeding period.

About the Author(s)

Alvaro began birding as an 11 year old in Canada, and eventually trained in Evolutionary Ecology studying, creatures as varied as leaf-cutter ants and Argentine cowbirds. But his career has been focused on birding tourism, both as a guide and owner of his tour company, as well as a avitourism consultant to various organizations. He is the author of Birds of Chile, New World Blackbirds: The Icterids, as well as the ABA Field Guide to the birds of California. He lives in Half Moon Bay, California where he is known for his pelagic birding trips. Email: alvaro@alvarosadventures.com.


Distribution of the Peg-billed Finch - Range Map
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Distribution of the Peg-billed Finch

Recommended Citation

Jaramillo, A. (2020). Peg-billed Finch (Acanthidops bairdi), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.pebfin1.01
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