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Blue-headed Crested Flycatcher Trochocercus nitens Scientific name definitions

Kees Moeliker
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated December 4, 2017

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Field Identification

15 cm; 11·8 g. Has short but obvious crest, graduated tail. Male nominate race is wholly glossy blackish-blue above and to breast, with clearly delimited (by thin white line) and contrasting grey from lower breast to undertail-coverts; flight-feathers brownish-black; iris brown; bill blue-grey, upper mandible blacker, mouth yellow; legs blue-grey to blackish-brown. Female has crest shorter than male’s, glossy blackish-blue restricted to crown, upperparts dark slate-grey with faint bluish tinge, flight-feathers dark brown-grey, throat and underparts entirely grey; bill dark slate-grey, upper mandible blacker, mouth greenish, legs dark brown. Juvenile is like female but duller; immature male like female but head side, throat and upper breast speckled pale grey. Race reichenowi has underparts darker grey than nominate.

Systematics History

Editor's Note: This article requires further editing work to merge existing content into the appropriate Subspecies sections. Please bear with us while this update takes place.

Two subspecies recognized.

Subspecies


SUBSPECIES

Trochocercus nitens reichenowi Scientific name definitions

Distribution

Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, S Ivory Coast, S Ghana and Togo.

SUBSPECIES

Trochocercus nitens nitens Scientific name definitions

Distribution

S Nigeria, W and S Cameroon, S Central African Republic, Gabon and W Congo S to NW Angola, also S South Sudan S to W, S and E DRCongo, Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda; recorded in NW Tanzania (1).

Distribution

Editor's Note: Additional distribution information for this taxon can be found in the 'Subspecies' article above. In the future we will develop a range-wide distribution article.

Habitat

Lowland and mid-elevation primary and secondary forest, even degraded patches. Favours dense tangles and curtains of lianas and vines in wettest part of forest, along rivers and streams and in low-lying, impenetrable, disturbed areas. To 900 m in Uganda, 1100 m in DRCongo and 1200 m in Cameroon.

Movement

Sedentary in Gabon. No further information.

Diet and Foraging

Arthropods, mostly insects, including moths (Lepidoptera), orthopterans, coleopterans, hymenopterans (mainly ants), cockroaches (Blattodea), also winged termites (Isoptera); spiders (Araneae). Average prey size 12·6 mm. Solitary or in pairs, very often in mixed-species groups. Gleans foliage and tangles of leafy lianas or tightly packed stems of vines, from near ground to canopy; in primary forest in Gabon mostly 14–20 m, but at 6–12 m during short rainy and dry seasons; in Liberia 3–20 m (mostly 5–15 m). Moves actively, searches vegetation, with tail held fully fanned and wings spread and drooped. Rapidly beats wings, or stretches wings wide and twists tail, to disturb prey; snaps up insects in air in short sally or circular descending flight. Searches underside of leaves in undulating flight, brushing them with tail feathers and making quick dart to seize prey. Particularly when feeding on swarming ants or termites, forages from perch, assuming upright stance.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Song a fast, long, far-carrying, hollow “hohohohohohohoho…” , often introduced (in conflicts) by some harsh notes or a dry, excited “tictictictictictic” rattle. Call a harsh “zwhee-zwheh” or “tchitt-tchitt”.

Breeding

Season Sept–Feb in Gabon, Feb, Aug, Sept and Nov in DRCongo, Apr in E Africa; also, birds in breeding condition (enlarged gonads) in Dec, Feb and May in Liberia, Feb in Ghana, Jul in Central African Republic. Monogamous, pair-bond lengthy, perhaps for life; territorial, male defends territory all year, patrols it daily, singing from dense vegetation, attacking intruders fiercely. Nest built by both sexes, a neat compact cup of vegetable fibres, interwoven with dead leaves at base, bound with spider web, lined with finer material, external height 60 mm, diameter 60 mm, inner diameter 46 mm and depth 33 mm; placed 2–15 m above ground (average 10 m in NE Gabon), typically 2–3 m below a thick dome of dense leafy lianas, attached near end of thin hanging vine, suspended as a basket or placed in fork; territory 3·3 ha in NE Gabon. Clutch 2 eggs, glossy, creamy white, finely speckled red-brown to bright ochre-rufous at larger end, c. 20 × 13 mm; incubation by both sexes, period unknown; young fed by both parents, nestling period c. 12 days; fledglings fed by both parents for more than 1 month.
Not globally threatened. Uncommon to locally common. Density in NE Gabon variable, between 21·4–29·6 pairs/km², average 22 pairs/km². No other quantitative data. Present in several protected areas, e.g. Korup National Park (Cameroon).
Distribution of the Blue-headed Crested Flycatcher - Range Map
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Distribution of the Blue-headed Crested Flycatcher

Recommended Citation

Moeliker, K. (2020). Blue-headed Crested Flycatcher (Trochocercus nitens), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.bhcfly1.01
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