Rather large and bulky sparrow of foothills, also found locally in highlands and lowlands. Occurs in brushy woodland, forest edge, and overgrown clearings, especially in areas with oak and pine-oak woodland; locally in areas with humid evergreen forest. Usually rather skulking, on or near the ground, but sings from more conspicuous perches in bushes and trees. Note large size, big bill, which is black above and blue-gray below, strong face pattern with a bold black whisker, and rusty wings and tail.