Black-throated Spinetail Synallaxis castanea Scientific name definitions

The Black-throated Spinetail is endemic to the north coastal ranges of Venezuela, where it is confined to montane evergreen forest, second growth, and edges, from the state of Aragua east to Miranda. The species is found at elevations between 1300 to 2200 m. Despite that this spinetail can be found in relatively close proximity to the country’s capital, it is a surprisingly poorly known bird that is most usually located by its reasonably distinctive song, a rapid ke-che-che-che-che-che. Once seen, there is no mistaking this almost entirely uniform cinnamon-rufous spinetail, although the black throat patch, which offers the sole plumage contrast, is not large. The Black-throated Spinetail is considered to form a superspecies with the Rufous Spinetail (Synallaxis unirufa) and the Rusty-headed Spinetail (Synallaxis fuscorufa).

16–18 cm. Relatively large and uniformly bright Synallaxis. Plumage is almost wholly bright rufescent , chin paler, but throat solidly black; tail long, graduated, usually 8 rectrices (sometimes 10), shafts slightly stiffened, tips only slightly pointed; iris dark reddish-brown; bill blackish; tarsus and toes blue-grey. Differs from S. unirufa in brighter coloration, black throat, slightly different tail structure (only 8 rectrices, which broader and blunter, and not disintegrated). Sexes alike. Juvenile is more brownish and duller than adult, throat patch dull and indistinct, feathers of head and underparts usually faintly edged dusky.

Coastal Range of N Venezuela from Aragua E to Miranda (E to Caracas area).

Song  a rapid “ke-che-che-che-che-che” followed immediately by louder “ker-chéé-chéé”; often as duet. Call a loud “ki-kík”.