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Tepui Spinetail Cranioleuca demissa Scientific name definitions

J. V. Remsen, Jr.
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated January 1, 2003

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Introduction

Aptly named, the Tepui Spinetail is a common resident of the tepuis of southern Venezuela and adjacent areas in Guyana and Brazil. The species is olive brown above with a contrasting rufous forehead, shoulders, wings and tail. Although similar in appearance to the Ash-browed Spinetail (Cranioleuca curtata), the Tepui Spinetail is unique in that it is the only member of its genus found in its range. It is most often encountered foraging from the mid level to the canopy in montane forest and woodland, where they can be seen hopping through vines and foliage and occasionally hitching creeper-like up the trunks of trees. Tepui Spinetail regularly join mixed-species flocks with the likes of Tepui Redstart (Myioborus castaneocapilla), Roraiman Antwren (Herpsilochmus roraimae), and other furnariids.

Field Identification

14–15 cm; 14–17 g. Nominate race has whitish supercilium, rest of face dull brownish, faint pale shaft streaks on auriculars; forehead brown with variable amount of rufous suffusion, crown reddish-chestnut, back rich brown, becoming increasingly rufescent towards uppertail-coverts; wings reddish-chestnut, remiges slightly paler and with dark fuscous tips; tail graduated, rectrices with stiffened shafts (primarily basally), pointed tips, distal 1–2 mm sometimes without barbs (possibly through wear), dark reddish-chestnut; chin and throat whitish, underparts grey, flanks slightly browner; iris chestnut; upper mandible dusky brown to black, lower mandible pinkish-horn with dark tip; tarsus and toes olive-yellow to olive-brown. Distinguished from very similar C. curtata mainly by much greyer underparts. Sexes alike. Juvenile lacks rufous on crown, has back more olivaceous brown, underparts more ochraceous. Race cardonaorum described as differing from nominate in having underparts olivaceous brown, rather than greyish, and supercilium and auriculars also more olivaceous.

Systematics History

Editor's Note: This article requires further editing work to merge existing content into the appropriate Subspecies sections. Please bear with us while this update takes place.

Previously considered conspecific with C. curtata by some authors, but recent genetic analysis (1) shows present species to be sister to a group consisting of C. semicinerea, C. hellmayri and C. subcristata. Race cardonaorum originally spelt cardonai, but internal information (“...a los Ingenieros Jordi y Heinz Cardona...”) requires emendation. Two subspecies recognized.

Subspecies

Monotypic.

Distribution

Tepuis of s Venezuela, adjacent Guyana and n Brazil (n Roraima)

Habitat

Montane evergreen forest; also gallery forest locally in Bolívar (Gran Sabana); 1100–2450 m.

Movement

Resident.

Diet and Foraging

Arthropods. Forages singly or in pairs, usually in mixed-species flocks, from mid-storey to canopy. Hitches and climbs along small branches and through vines; acrobatically gleans items from bark and debris.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Song a thin, descending, accelerating series, “téé-téé-te-ti ti’ti’ti’ti’ti’i’i’i”; alarm a rattle.

Breeding

Nest a globular mass of moss, partially suspended from branch. No further information.
Not globally threatened. Restricted-range species: present in Tepuis EBA. Fairly common within its limited range.
Distribution of the Tepui Spinetail - Range Map
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  • Year-round
  • Migration
  • Breeding
  • Non-Breeding
Distribution of the Tepui Spinetail

Recommended Citation

Remsen, Jr., J. V. (2020). Tepui Spinetail (Cranioleuca demissa), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.tepspi1.01
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