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Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper Dendrexetastes rufigula Scientific name definitions

Curtis A. Marantz, Alexandre Aleixo, Louis R. Bevier, and Michael A. Patten
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated January 1, 2003

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Introduction

The attractive Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper is the sole member of the genus Dendrexetastes, and is generally subdivided into four subspecies, which vary substantially in underparts and head patterns, especially the nature and extent of any spotting on the breast and ventral regions, which has sometimes led to the suggestion that the species be split into separate species east and west of the Rio Negro in southern Amazonia. However, the fact that the vocalizations of this bulky-bodied and heavy, pale-billed woodcreeper appear to be uniform across the species’ entire range have, to date, proved a stumbling block to any such proposal. The feature from which the species derives its vernacular name, the cinnamon throat, can be hard to see and, in any case, is much less developed in some populations. The Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper occasionally joins mixed-species flocks in the canopy to midstory, but is more frequently found alone or in well-spaced pairs foraging apart.

Field Identification

22·5–27 cm; male 64–74 g, female 66–77 g. Relatively large, heavy-bodied woodcreeper with relatively short wings, short stout bill with slightly hooked tip. Nominate race is largely medium-brown above, paler and more cinnamon on crown, rufous-chestnut wings, rump and tail; narrow whitish streaks at junction of nape and back; paler below, more cinnamon-brown, throat brightest, approaching rusty buff, broad, conspicuous, black-bordered whitish streaks across breast, sometimes weak barring on lower belly and, especially, undertail-coverts; iris red to light brown; bill horn-grey, bluish-horn, or brownish to dull greenish-yellow; legs and feet slate-grey, greenish-grey, bluish-black or brown. Distinguished from similarly sized Dendrocolaptes certhia by greenish to horn-coloured bill, little or no barring, streaking across breast and, in nominate, neck. Female like male, possibly smaller on average. Juvenile undescribed. Race paraensis most similar to nominate, but with obvious white supercilium, larger bill, more rounded streaking on breast; devillei has weaker pattern, usually with unmarked belly and only faint, buffy shaft streaks on breast and sides, not continuing around hindneck; moniliger is duller and less rufescent overall than previous, but with streaks on breast and neck slightly bolder and with more obvious dark borders.

Systematics History

Editor's Note: This article requires further editing work to merge existing content into the appropriate Subspecies sections. Please bear with us while this update takes place.

Race devillei sometimes suggested to be a separate species, but not very distinctive in plumage and has vocalizations like those of other races. Four subspecies recognized.

Subspecies


EBIRD GROUP (MONOTYPIC)

Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper (devillei) Dendrexetastes rufigula devillei Scientific name definitions

Distribution

W Amazonia from C Colombia, E Ecuador and E Peru E to W Brazil (E to R Madeira, probably also to R Negro) and S to N Bolivia.

EBIRD GROUP (MONOTYPIC)

Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper (rufigula) Dendrexetastes rufigula rufigula Scientific name definitions

Distribution

NE Amazonia in E Venezuela (NE Bolívar, S Delta Amacuro), the Guianas and N Brazil (N Roraima, and R Negro E to Amapá).

EBIRD GROUP (POLYTYPIC)

Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper (paraensis/moniliger) Dendrexetastes rufigula paraensis/moniliger

Available illustrations of subspecies in this group

SUBSPECIES

Dendrexetastes rufigula moniliger Scientific name definitions

Distribution
Amazonian Brazil S of Amazon (from R Madeira E to lower R Tocantins, S to Mato Grosso).

SUBSPECIES

Dendrexetastes rufigula paraensis Scientific name definitions

Distribution
Amazonian Brazil S of Amazon (E of R Tocantins in E Pará).

Distribution

Editor's Note: Additional distribution information for this taxon can be found in the 'Subspecies' article above. In the future we will develop a range-wide distribution article.

Habitat

Humid Amazonian forest, both terra firme and flooded; forested sand ridges and savanna forest in the Guianas. Largely at edges, in mid- to late-successional growth, and in taller second growth, often near water; less frequently in canopy of primary forest; especially partial to palm trees. One of few woodcreepers occurring on Amazon river islands, where it occupies both older forests and those dominated by Cecropia. Primarily lowlands below 500 m; occasionally to 950 m on E slopes of Andes, and recorded once at 1200 m in Ecuador.

Movement

Resident.

Diet and Foraging

Diet poorly known; probably largely arthropods, but often observed pecking at clusters of fruit. Stomach contents have included beetles and locusts (Acrididae). Usually forages from mid-levels to canopy, often alone, but also with mixed-species, canopy flocks; usually encountered singly, less frequently in twos. Forages not only on large trunks and limbs in mid-levels of trees, but also in foliage of outer limbs of canopy, and especially in palm fronds. Appears to obtain prey mostly by gleaning and by probing into and rummaging among clusters of dense vegetation, including both live and dead leaves, epiphytes and palm fronds; nearly 25% of observations in one study involved foraging in dead palm leaflets or clusters of dead leaves amid live palms.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Song, mostly at dawn and dusk, often in near darkness, a rapid grating trill that initially accelerates but then slows near end, sometimes sputtering at first, but almost invariably ending in a characteristic “tchew” or “eernh”. Despite geographic variation in plumage patterns, song varies little throughout Amazonia but possibly more so at N edge of range, where it does not slow as obviously at end.

Breeding

Breeds mainly during the short dry season in the Guianas; flying young being fed in Oct in French Guiana. Nests in hollow tree, abandoned woodpecker (Picidae) hole or thatched roof; pair seen to bring dead leaves to a cavity 20 m up at base of fronds of the palm Jessenia bataua in Aug–Sept in French Guiana, but subsequent inspection revealed no further activity; average territory size 14 ha in late-successional forest in SE Peru. Clutch 2–3 white eggs, 28·5 × 22 mm.
Not globally threatened. Uncommon to common, but often local, throughout its range. Both difficult to observe and rarely captured in mist-nets, thus best censused by using its distinctive song. Densities in mid-successional growth along a river in SE Peru estimated at 5–6·5 pairs/100 ha, but in nearby late-successional forest only 3 pairs/100 ha. Suggested as being highly sensitive to habitat modification, even disappearing from selectively logged forest at one site.
Distribution of the Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper - Range Map
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  • Migration
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Distribution of the Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper

Recommended Citation

Marantz, C. A., A. Aleixo, L. R. Bevier, and M. A. Patten (2020). Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper (Dendrexetastes rufigula), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.citwoo1.01
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