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Moustached Antwren Myrmotherula ignota Scientific name definitions

Kevin Zimmer and Morton L. Isler
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated January 1, 2003

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Introduction

The Moustached Antwren ranges from eastern Panama to northwest Ecuador, as well as in upper Amazonia from eastern Colombia to northeast Peru, and east almost as far as central Amazonian Brazil. The Amazonian populations were formerly considered to represent a separate species, the Short-billed Antwren, but they were recently shown to be identical vocally to the trans-Andean birds. Moustached Antwren and Pygmy Antwren (Myrmotherula brachyura) are frequently found in the same canopy and subcanopy mixed-species flocks, wherein they will prove difficult to distinguish, given that both species are less likely to be vocalizing under such conditions. Male Moustached Antwrens possess broader malar and postocular streaks, and appears more heavily black over the upperparts, and these same characters are also evident and useful for separating females of the two species.

Field Identification

7·5–8 cm. Small size, tiny tail. Male is black above, narrowly streaked white, faintly tinged yellow except on crown, broad black postocular streak, white cheeks; white interscapular patch; wing-coverts tipped white, flight-feathers edged white; throat white, broad dark malar streak; underparts yellow, sides sparsely streaked black. Distinguished from similar M. brachyura mainly by broader malar streak, more prominent post­ocular streak, more extensive black on upperparts. Female is like male except light streaks on crown and side of head buff to tawny-buff, no interscapular patch. Race obscura male differs from nominate in having fewer pale streaks above, female head, throat and breast more buffy.

Systematics History

Editor's Note: This article requires further editing work to merge existing content into the appropriate Subspecies sections. Please bear with us while this update takes place.

A member of the “streaked antwren assemblage” (see M. brachyura). Closely related to M. brachyura, and nominate race formerly considered conspecific, but differs in vocalizations and plumage (1). Race obscura often treated as a separate species, but vocally indistinguishable from nominate (1). Two subspecies recognized.

Subspecies


EBIRD GROUP (MONOTYPIC)

Moustached Antwren (Moustached) Myrmotherula ignota ignota Scientific name definitions

Distribution

E Panama (Caribbean slope in Canal area and San Blas, Pacific slope in E Panamá Province and Darién), W and N Colombia (Pacific slope and along N base of Andes E to Santander) and NW Ecuador (Esmeraldas, SW Imbabura, NW Pichincha).

EBIRD GROUP (MONOTYPIC)

Moustached Antwren (Short-billed) Myrmotherula ignota obscura Scientific name definitions

Distribution

SC and SE Colombia (locally along base of Andes S from Meta, and in Guainía and Vaupés), E Ecuador, NE Peru (S to Pasco and Ucayali), and SW and WC Amazonian Brazil (extreme SW S to NW Acre, and EC Amazonas along R Solimões E to R Negro (2) ).

Distribution

Editor's Note: Additional distribution information for this taxon can be found in the 'Subspecies' article above. In the future we will develop a range-wide distribution article.

Habitat

Canopy and subcanopy of lowland evergreen forest, nominate race also in taller second-growth woodland; mainly below 600 m, but locally to 1100 m in Panama and to 900 m in W & N Colombia (nominate). Found primarily at forest borders with tall trees, or at margins of light-gaps (large treefalls) and stream edges within continuous forest. Race obscura occurs in both terra firme and várzea; more commonly found in canopy of continuous forest than is frequently syntopic M. brachyura.

Movement

None recorded; presumed resident.

Diet and Foraging

Little published; most information pertains to race obscura. Feeds on variety of small insects, particularly lepidopteran larvae; probably also spiders. Closely associated pair-members, individuals, or family groups forage mostly 10–40 m above ground, in denser foliage and vine tangles from canopy down to lower mid-storey and crowns of saplings; stays higher in unbroken forest, descending lower along borders, stream edges, clearings, and wherever there are breaks in the canopy. Forages alone or with mixed-species flocks of insectivores. Very active, hitching from side to side as it zigzags through vines and slender branches, scanning foliage as it goes, seldom pausing for more than 1–2 seconds between hops, constantly flicking wings. Perch-gleans prey from leaf, stem, moss, twig and vine surfaces by reaching or by quick lunging stabs; often makes short fluttering sallies, mostly upwards to underside of overhanging vegetation, and occasionally hover-gleans. Race obscura sometimes in same mixed flocks as M. brachyura; ecological distinctions between the two taxa not well understood, but obscura may follow flocks more faithfully and for longer distances, particularly in unbroken canopy.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Loudsong an accelerating series of short notes increasing and then decreasing in pitch and intensity, similar in pattern to that of M. brachyura but pace slower and notes, although still uncountable, are more musical, less abrupt. Call a short, uneven, downslurred whistle; obscura also an abrupt note (not yet recorded for nominate race).

Breeding

Previously unpublished observation of nest-building by pair in Aug in N Peru (obscura): nest a small bag c. 6 cm wide and 6 cm deep, constructed entirely of jagged bright green lichen and spider webs, suspended c. 9 m off ground in fork of slender twigs c. 0·5 cm thick on leafy branch near crown centre of tree 12 m tall, surrounded by taller (25 m) trees, in terra firme forest.
Not globally threatened. Generally considered uncommon to fairly common throughout its range, which includes a number of formally protected parks and reserves. Among these are Soberanía and Darién National Parks, the Atlantic-coast forest (Colón) and Comarca Kuna Yala Indigenous Reserve (San Blas), in Panama, and Los Katíos National Park, in Colombia; and, for race obscura, Yasuní National Park, Limoncocha Biological Reserve and Cuyabeno Reserve, in Ecuador, and Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve, in Peru. This inconspicuous, subcanopy-dwelling antbird is easily overlooked. Nominate race, in particular, is probably more widespread within its range than current scatter of records would indicate; this already proven to be the case in NW Ecuador, where number of records and known sites has increased markedly since the species was first discovered there, in 1995. Much of this species’ range has been little affected by human disturbance to date, although intensified oil exploration and concomitant road-building and human colonization in much of E Ecuador, along with completion of the Pan-American highway in Panama-Colombia, pose potential future threats.
Distribution of the Moustached Antwren - Range Map
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  • Year-round
  • Migration
  • Breeding
  • Non-Breeding
Distribution of the Moustached Antwren

Recommended Citation

Zimmer, K. and M.L. Isler (2020). Moustached Antwren (Myrmotherula ignota), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.mouant.01
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