- Dusky-tailed Antbird
 - Dusky-tailed Antbird
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Dusky-tailed Antbird Drymophila malura Scientific name definitions

Kevin Zimmer and Morton L. Isler
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated January 1, 2003

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Introduction

Rufous or cinnamon colors are found on the males of most species of Drymophila antwrens, but this is not the case for the Dusky-tailed Antwren. The upperparts of the male are primarily olive gray, while the head and and breast are white, streaked with black. The female is cinnamon brown above, and buffy brown below. Both sexes have long, graduated tails, as do other species of Drymphila. The Dusky-tailed Antwren is restricted to the southeastern Brazil and adjacent regions of Paraguay and Argentina. Pairs or family groups forage for arthropods in the understory of humid forest and at forest edge. The Dusky-tailed Antwren seems to require dense tangles, and while it may occur in bamboo thickets, it is less strongly associated with bamboo than are most other species of Drymophila.

Field Identification

13·5–14·5 cm; 11–13 g. Male has head and neck streaked black and whitish-grey, upperparts olive-grey, inter­scapular patch white with black feather tips; remiges brownish, wing-coverts blackish with white tips; graduated tail brownish-grey; throat and anterior underparts streaked black and white, flanks and crissum olive-brown. Female has crown, nape and side of neck heavily streaked dark brown and buff to olive-brown, head side finely streaked dark (foreface mostly unstreaked), pale buff crescents above and below eye; upperparts, including tail, warm brown, interscapular patch blackish-grey, flight-feathers warm brown, edged rufous, wing-coverts contrastingly blackish, narrowly tipped white or pale buff; buff below, paling to almost whitish on chin and centre of belly, breast variably streaked with dark brown, heaviest on sides, faint in middle, vent and lower flanks rich ochraceous; axillaries white.

Systematics History

Monotypic.

Subspecies

Monotypic.

Distribution

SE Brazil (S Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro S to E & S Paraná, Santa Catarina and N Rio Grande do Sul), SE Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Caazapá, E Paraguarí, Itapúa) and NE Argentina (Misiones).

Habitat

Understorey of lowland and foothill evergreen forest, forest edge, and second-growth woodland; to 1300 m, locally to 1900 m. Seems to require dense tangles or thickets of bracken-ferns, vines or bamboo, and at forest edges often with tall grass mixed in. Not so restricted to bamboo as some other members of genus, although can be found in clear-cuts that are regenerating with dense, young stands of bamboo and grass less than 2 m tall.

Movement

Presumed resident.

Diet and Foraging

Little published. Feeds on insects, probably also spiders. Closely associated partners, individuals, or family groups forage mostly 0–4 m above ground, occasionally to 8 m; mean foraging height in 195 observations was 1·9 m. Alone, or sometimes briefly joining mixed-species flocks as these pass through its territory. Active forager, progressing by short hops, separated by frequent pauses of 1–3 seconds to scan; posture generally horizontal; tail held slightly fanned, usually at level of body or cocked slightly above horizontal, and regularly dipped slowly 30 degrees before being flicked quickly upwards; both wings habitually flicked. Somewhat erratic in movements, follows zigzag course with abrupt changes of direction and frequent retracing of routes. Forages mostly in dense cover, including low viny thickets and leafy crowns of bamboo. Most prey perch-gleaned from tops and bottoms of live broad leaves, dead leaves, bamboo stems and internodes, and vines, by reaching up, out or down with quick stabs of the bill; sometimes jump-gleans or makes short (less than 30 cm) fluttering sallies to underside of overhanging vegetation; also lightly probes curled tips of suspended dead leaves with the bill. Not known to follow army ants.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Male loudsong a simple short (e.g. 2·3 seconds) series of abrupt emphatic notes that speed up into trill, dropping slightly in pitch and intensity at end; female loudsong shorter (e.g. 1·4 seconds), weaker, lower-pitched, 4–5 whistles slow down, drop in pitch, and lengthen into slur before abruptly ending in short higher-pitched trill. Calls include short (e.g. 0·2 seconds) thin, buzzy (modulated), somewhat high-pitched notes, repeated after short intervals, and harsher note with clearer ending.

Breeding

Little known. A nearly completed nest almost certainly of this species (the pair not actually seen on the nest) found in Sept in Brazil (Minas Gerais): an open cup measuring 8 × 6·5 cm, height 10·5 cm, made of dead bamboo leaves interwoven with green moss, seed stems and spider webs, supported between horizontal branches of bamboo 98 cm up in bamboo scrub 2–3 m tall. Eggs from other locations creamy yellow, covered with violet-brown and dull lilac-grey spots, most concentrated at blunt end.
Not globally threatened. Locally fairly common; somewhat more patchily distributed than other members of the genus. Has less specialized habitat requirements than congeners, which should render it less vulnerable to disturbance; appears able to survive in large patches of more or less remnant forest. Occurs in several protected areas, e.g. Aparados da Serra, Iguaçu, Serra da Canastra and Caraça National Parks, and the Serra da Graciosa highlands, in Brazil, and Iguazú National Park and Urugua-í Provincial Park, in Argentina. Given its small range, monitoring of populations is recommended. Escarpment forests of N Rio Grande do Sul possibly a major stronghold for this species; protection of a significant block of these forests would benefit not only this species, but also a number of other regional endemics with even more restricted ranges.
Distribution of the Dusky-tailed Antbird - Range Map
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  • Year-round
  • Migration
  • Breeding
  • Non-Breeding
Distribution of the Dusky-tailed Antbird

Recommended Citation

Zimmer, K. and M.L. Isler (2020). Dusky-tailed Antbird (Drymophila malura), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.dutant1.01
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