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Streak-capped Antwren Terenura maculata Scientific name definitions

Kevin Zimmer and Morton L. Isler
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated January 1, 2003

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Introduction

The Streak-capped Antwren occurs in the lowlands of the Atlantic Forest region, in southeastern Brazil and adjacent portions of eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina. The crown is streaked black and white not only in the Streak-capped Antwren (in both sexes), but also in the closely related Orange-bellied Antwren (Terenura sicki) of northeastern Brazil. Both sexes of the Streak-capped Antwren also have a reddish brown back, and pale yellow underparts. Streak-capped Antwrens are very active when foraging, and primarily are found in the midstory and canopy of evergreen forest. These antwrens usually are encountered in pairs, and often accompany mixed species flocks of other insectivorous species. Although the Atlantic Forest region has experienced extensive habitat loss, the Streak-capped Antwren remains fairly common and is not considered to be a threatened species.

Field Identification

9–10 cm; 1 individual 6·5 g. Male has crown to upper back streaked black and white; remaining upperparts tawny, mixed with yellow posteriorly, hidden white patch under scapulars; wings black, flight-feathers edged pale yellow, tertials edged tawny, coverts broadly tipped white (sometimes tinged yellow); tail olive-grey; throat and upper breast white, streaked black, lower breast yellow, streaked black, posterior underparts yellow. Female is like male but paler, white on head and throat tinged pale buff, underpart streaking less distinct.

Systematics History

Closely related to T. sicki; the two are sister-species (1). Further analysis of molecular, vocal and other characteristics that may differentiate them is needed. Monotypic.

Subspecies

Monotypic.

Distribution

SE Brazil (coastal region from SE Bahia S to Santa Catarina, inland locally in S Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Paraná), E Paraguay (Canindeyú S to Caazapá) and extreme NE Argentina (Misiones).

Habitat

Canopy and mid-storey of evergreen forest and second-growth woodland, from sea-level to 1250 m.

Movement

Presumed resident.

Diet and Foraging

Little published. Feeds on insects, probably also spiders. Closely associated partners, individuals, or family groups forage mostly from 6 m above ground to the canopy, sometimes down to ground; often lower than congeners, particularly at forest edge and in second-growth woodland (including overgrown, regenerating banana plantations). Either alone or, more often, with mixed-species flocks of other insectivores; this species and T. sicki are less habitual flock-followers than are other congeners. Very active, restless forager, progressing by short hops, seldom pausing for more than 1 second to scan for prey; forages in dense, small foliage in crowns of trees and, especially, in masses of vine tangles along trunks and overtopping understorey trees, also in mats of vegetation formed by interlaced crowns of arching bamboo (Merostachys). Perch-gleans most prey from tops and bottoms of live leaves, leaf petioles, stems, and vine surfaces, by reaching up, out or down with quick stabs of the bill, or by short, horizontal lunges; acrobatically hangs head first or upside-down, often from leaf margins in manner of a greenlet (Hylophilus), to glean from upper surface of lower leaves; also makes occasional short (less than 40 cm) hover-gleans or sallies to underside of overhanging vegetation. Regularly scans suspended dead leaves, probes curls lightly with its bill, but does not otherwise manipulate the leaf, and more often ignores dead leaves altogether. Not known to follow army ants.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Loudsong a long (e.g. 3·8 seconds) dry rattle gaining in intensity at beginning, generally (but unevenly) rising in pitch. Calls include sharp “chip” and slightly longer, lower-pitched downslurred note, each delivered singly or in short series of 3–5, or the two often combined in distinctive lengthy series and either alternating or one note alternating with two of the other.

Breeding

Nest found in Oct in Brazil (above Camaça, in Bahia; details previously unpublished): a small, pendent cup/bag, c. 5 cm deep, 2·5 cm across, paler than surrounding leaves which hid it, placed 5 m above ground in fork near end of thin branch of tree c. 9 m tall at edge of disturbed forest on steep slope; adult video-taped as it took food to nest. Clutch size not documented; eggs covered with dark brown and lilac-grey spots, ground colour uncertain.
Not globally threatened. Fairly common throughout most of its range. Region inhabited includes several protected parks and reserves, e.g. Itatiaia, Tijuca, Iguaçu, Serra da Bocaína and Serra dos Órgãos National Parks, Augusto Ruschi and Sooretama Biological Reserves and Serra do Mar State Park, in Brazil, and Iguazú National Park in Argentina. Not reliant on primary forest, which further lessens its vulnerability.
Distribution of the Streak-capped Antwren - Range Map
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  • Year-round
  • Migration
  • Breeding
  • Non-Breeding
Distribution of the Streak-capped Antwren

Recommended Citation

Zimmer, K. and M.L. Isler (2020). Streak-capped Antwren (Terenura maculata), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.stcant3.01
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