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Gray-throated Tit-Flycatcher Fraseria griseigularis Scientific name definitions

Barry Taylor
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated June 4, 2018

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Field Identification

13 cm; 9–17 g. Male nominate race is dark bluish slate-grey above, lores blackish-slate; primaries and secondaries blackish slate-brown, outer webs edged pale slate-grey, tertials with bluish-grey wash; tail blackish slate-grey, outermost two feathers shorter and brownish slate-grey; pale bluish slate-grey below , slightly paler on chin, and shading to white on centre of belly and undertail-coverts; underwing-coverts and axillaries white; iris olive-brown; upper mandible black or blackish-brown, lower mandible mostly pale bluish-horn; legs black. Differs from F. plumbea in darker general coloration, blackish lores, no white eyering, lack of white in wing and outer tail. Female is like male but duller. Juvenile has entire upperparts and upperwing-coverts dark greyish-brown and covered with triangular pale rufous spots, wings and tail dark greyish-brown, feathers edged buff to pale rufous, underparts greyish with black-edged pale rufous spots; immature like adult, but wings and tail browner, narrowly edged buff to pale rufous, a few pale rufous spots on upperwing-coverts and (sometimes) uppertail-coverts. Race <em>parelii</em> is more bluish-slate above than nominate, lower mandible black with trace of pale horn at base, wing shorter (54–56 mm, as opposed to 59–64 mm) and tail longer (52–53 mm, as opposed to 47–51 mm).

Systematics History

Editor's Note: This article requires further editing work to merge existing content into the appropriate Subspecies sections. Please bear with us while this update takes place.

See remarks under F. plumbea. Two subspecies recognized.

Subspecies


SUBSPECIES

Fraseria griseigularis parelii Scientific name definitions

Distribution

E Sierra Leone (Gola Forest (1) ), Liberia, S Ivory Coast and SW Ghana (Tafo).

SUBSPECIES

Fraseria griseigularis griseigularis Scientific name definitions

Distribution

SE Nigeria and S Cameroon S to Gabon (except extreme S), N and C Congo and extreme NW Angola (N Cuanza Norte), also S Central African Republic (R Ouossi, NW Zemio, La Maboké, possibly Lobaye), W, SC and E DRCongo, W and S Uganda (S from Budongo) and NW Tanzania (records in Bukoba and Minziro, but rare (2) ); possibly also Rwanda (Nyungwe).

Distribution

Editor's Note: Additional distribution information for this taxon can be found in the 'Subspecies' article above. In the future we will develop a range-wide distribution article.

Habitat

Primary lowland rainforest and forest edge; also old secondary growth, particularly in later stages of regeneration, and sometimes in young secondary growth, uncleared or disused plantations bordering forest, and edges of riparian forest. To 1800 m in DRCongo (Itombwe) and Uganda.

Movement

Apparently entirely sedentary.

Diet and Foraging

Mostly insects, including beetles (Coleoptera), Hymenoptera (mainly ants), bugs (Hemiptera), moths, especially caterpillars (Lepidoptera), grasshoppers (Orthoptera) and termite alates (Isoptera); also spiders (Araneae), also small fruits. Prey size mostly 8–15 mm, but caterpillars up to 30 mm taken. Occurs singly or in pairs; frequently joins mixed-species flocks, especially during non-breeding season. Exploits all levels of vegetation, from 2 m above ground up to canopy; found mainly at 10–25 m. Forages in warbler-like manner, gleaning foliage; searches among leaves in outer branches of trees and shrubs, and in dense leafy lianas. Perches horizontally, spreads and droops wings, raises tail and flirts outer tail feathers before entering leaves; moves noisily among leaves, while beating wings rapidly and twisting tail, apparently to dislodge prey; picks prey from leaves or stems. Sometimes forages like a tit (Parus), while clinging to underside of leaf. Also seizes insects in air after circular descending flight; actively feeds on swarming winged ants and termites. Moves around constantly, covering entire territory each day.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Song a thin, mournful, quavering “truu-teee-thu-ee” with variations, somewhat reminiscent of that of F. plumbea. Contact call a series of weak, short, plaintive notes, “pip-pu-puee-pip” (Uganda) or “tee-tyiew-ew” (Gabon); in aggression a warbling “song” like that of Garden Warbler (Sylvia borin); alarm a harsh “tseee-tye”.

Breeding

Laying recorded in Sept in Liberia, Jan–Feb and Oct in Gabon, May (breeding condition Dec–May) in DRCongo; adult with young in Feb in Ghana. Monogamous; partners remain paired for long period (ringed adults still together after 5 years in Gabon). Territorial throughout year; territory large, 17–21 ha in NE Gabon. Nest built by female, a loose, bulky structure of moss, rootlets, dry leaves and fibres, with small cup lined with thin material, including tendrils, placed in hole in dead tree trunk, in unfinished woodpecker (Picidae) hole, or in opened-up old nest-hole of cavity-nesting species; once in large old hanging nest of Blue-throated Brown Sunbird (Cyanomitra cyanolaema). Clutch 2 eggs; incubation by female only, period 12 days; chicks fed by both parents, nestling period 13 days. Lifespan at least 5 years.
Not globally threatened. Rare or scarce to locally uncommon or abundant. Average density 5·8 pairs/km² in NE Gabon. Forest destruction must have adversely affected this species’ numbers and distribution throughout its range.
Distribution of the Gray-throated Tit-Flycatcher - Range Map
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  • Year-round
  • Migration
  • Breeding
  • Non-Breeding
Distribution of the Gray-throated Tit-Flycatcher

Recommended Citation

Taylor, B. (2020). Gray-throated Tit-Flycatcher (Fraseria griseigularis), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.gyttif1.01
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