- Variegated Laughingthrush
 - Variegated Laughingthrush
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Variegated Laughingthrush Trochalopteron variegatum Scientific name definitions

Nigel Collar and Craig Robson
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated January 1, 2007

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Field Identification

24–26 cm; 57–79 g. Medium-sized olive and buffy laughingthrush with whitish lower face, broad black mesial stripe and gray, black and white wings and tail. Nominate subspecies has forehead dull buff, shading to vaguely streaked pale brownish-gray on crown; upperparts ochre-tinged grayish-olive, upperwing with strong cinnamon fringes of greater coverts, black primary coverts and markings on bases of secondaries, black tertials with whitish on outer webs, pale gray and pale ochrous-gray wing fringing; blackish tail with broad grayish subterminal band and white tip; lores, spot at base of lower mandible and area around eye (except for tiny white postocular flash) blackish, shading grayer on ear-coverts; rest of submoustachial area buff, shading backwards to whitish, with whitish-tipped blackish feathers on lower ear-coverts; chin and central throat blackish, breast and belly ochrous gray-brown or buffish-gray, shading to ochrous-rufous on lower belly, thighs and vent; iris pale yellow or pale yellow-green to pale yellowish-brown or brown; bill blackish to dark brown, yellow base of lower mandible; tarsi pale reddish orange-brown or pale brown to pinkish. Sexes similar. Juvenile is slightly warmer and less distinctly patterned overall than adult. Subspecies simile differs from nominate in having uniform silvery-gray fringing on outer tail, primaries and secondaries, paler and duller forehead, grayer upperside, breast and flanks, and whiter throat side; nuristani is like last but grayer overall, with darker crown and nape.

Systematics History

Editor's Note: This article requires further editing work to merge existing content into the appropriate Subspecies sections. Please bear with us while this update takes place.

Three subspecies recognized.

Subspecies


SUBSPECIES

Trochalopteron variegatum nuristani Scientific name definitions

Distribution

northeastern Afghanistan

SUBSPECIES

Trochalopteron variegatum simile Scientific name definitions

Distribution

N and NE Pakistan E to N India (N Himachal Pradesh).

SUBSPECIES

Trochalopteron variegatum variegatum Scientific name definitions

Distribution

S Himachal Pradesh E to Uttarakhand, EC Nepal, and adjacent extreme S Tibet.

Distribution

Editor's Note: Additional distribution information for this taxon can be found in the 'Subspecies' article above. In the future we will develop a range-wide distribution article.

Habitat

Open forest of fir and birch or oak with dense rhododendron and ringal bamboo growth and bushes; dwarf rhododendron at or above tree-line, patches of Viburnum at forest edge, various types of dense jungle and undergrowth, particularly in winter, open willow groves; occasionally enters gardens. Found at 1800–4200 m in summer; some descend locally as low as 1000 m during extreme winter weather.

Movement

Resident. Relatively minor altitudinal displacements during harsh winter weather; both nominate race and simile reported (sometimes in same flock) in winter from Kangra area of Himachal Pradesh, in India.

Diet and Foraging

Insects, fruit and berries. In pairs during breeding season; otherwise in parties of up to 20 or more birds. Forages among bushes and on ground, but often ascends trees. Not shy.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Song consists of repeated loud, musical, far-carrying whistled phrases, e.g. “weet-a-weer”, “weet-a-woo-weer”, “zdreep-deeu-ee-weeuh” and “deeo-pee-weeah”, and shrill, musical “p’ti-pieeyou” and “pitee-whee”. Songs have been described also as sweet, rich, hurried complex whistled phrases, consisting of strongly downslurred notes, preceded by a few quick introductory strokes, “chitilurk-fwúúrl(-turk)” (“fwúúrl” greatly stressed), and “fzeep, fwur-fwílliféér” (short, weak first note, others strongly upslurred and then downslurred, last 2 speeded up, prolonged). When alarmed, utters subdued muttering and squealing notes.

Breeding

Apr–Aug. Nest described as a rather compact, sometimes untidy, but usually rather shallow cup, made of coarse grasses, dead leaves, strips of birch bark, roots, twigs, moss, finer and softer grasses and fir needles, lined with rootlets, fine grasses and pine needles, placed 0·15–6 m above ground in bush, small tree or lower branch of larger tree, sometimes in thick grass tuft. Clutch 2–5 eggs, usually 3–4, pale, rather dingy blue-green to blue, blotched, spotted and speckled with liver-red, reddish-brown, yellowish-brown, pale purple or purplish-red; incubation by both sexes. No information on duration of incubation and nestling periods. Occasional brood parasitism by Indian Cuckoo (Cuculus micropterus) reported.
Not globally threatened. Locally common in Pakistan, and fairly common in Palas Valley, in North-West Frontier Province. Common in Nepal, with significant proportion of world population judged to be in Shey-Phoksundo National Park, where species is locally common. Locally fairly common in India; common in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve and fairly common in Dehra Dun valley, in Uttaranchal, and common (mainly in dense nullahs) in Majhatal Harsang Wildlife Sanctuary, in Himachal Pradesh.
Distribution of the Variegated Laughingthrush - Range Map
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  • Year-round
  • Migration
  • Breeding
  • Non-Breeding
Distribution of the Variegated Laughingthrush

Recommended Citation

Collar, N. and C. Robson (2020). Variegated Laughingthrush (Trochalopteron variegatum), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.varlau1.01
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