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Orange-fronted Yellow-Finch Sicalis columbiana Scientific name definitions

Alvaro Jaramillo
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated January 1, 2011

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Introduction

A smaller and even less streaked version of the more familiar Saffron Finch (Sicalis flaveola), the Orange-fronted Yellow-Finch is a dainty little bird with an orange forecrown and otherwise largely yellow plumage in males. Females are olive-brown above with a grayish-buff tone to the breast-sides. Orange-fronted Yellow-Finches like open ground, often in close proximity to standing water, and is usually found in pairs or small flocks, often around habitation. Like some other yellow-finches, it has a curiously disjunct range, with three main populations: in the Orinoco basin of northeast Colombia and central Venezuela; central Amazonia in Brazil; and the interior of eastern Brazil, especially in the northern half of the Cerrado biome, where it is apparently most abundant.

Field Identification

11·5 cm; 11·6–16·1 g. A compact yellow-finch with very short tail and wing, large and rounded head, and a bill large for the bird’s size. Male nominate race has yellow head with orange forehead and forecrown, darker lores and short dark eyeline; upperparts olive-yellow, throat and underparts bright yellow, tinge of saffron on breast side and flanks; upperwing entirely greenish-yellow but for dusky centres of tertials; tail dark with wide yellow edging, particularly at base; iris dark; bill horn-brown to blackish above, dull yellowish-grey below; legs yellowish-dusky to dull pink. Differs from similar S. flaveola in smaller size, contrasting orange forehead not extending to rear crown, short dark eyeline. ­Female is olive-brown above, whitish below, with pale yellowish breastband, pale yellowish rear flanks and crissum; head brownish with darker lores, sometimes faint yellowish wash on supercilium, crown darker; mantle and back greyish-brown, contrasting greenish-yellow wings (upperwing-coverts, as well as edges of primaries and secondaries), greenish lower back and rump; tail feathers with greenish edging. Juvenile is similar to female, but slightly streaked on breast, and wings buff-fringed, rather than greenish-washed; immature male a duller, paler version of adult, some nearly lacking orange tone on forehead, and much duller yellow throughout. Race goeldii male has breast washed orange; leopoldinae smaller than nominate, with much smaller, weaker bill, brighter forecrown patch, and brighter yellowish-green back, female paler than nominate above and below.

Systematics History

Editor's Note: This article requires further editing work to merge existing content into the appropriate Subspecies sections. Please bear with us while this update takes place.

Three subspecies recognized.

Subspecies


SUBSPECIES

Sicalis columbiana columbiana Scientific name definitions

Distribution

C Venezuela in delta and basin of R Orinoco, and E Colombia (Meta and Vichada); has bred once on Trinidad.

SUBSPECIES

Sicalis columbiana leopoldinae Scientific name definitions

Distribution

EC Brazil in S Maranhão, Piauí, W Pernambuco, N and W Bahia, Tocantins, Goiás and NW Minas Gerais (1).

SUBSPECIES

Sicalis columbiana goeldii Scientific name definitions

Distribution

Amazon Basin of Brazil from about R Purus E to lower R Tapajós and S Amapá.

Distribution

Editor's Note: Additional distribution information for this taxon can be found in the 'Subspecies' article above. In the future we will develop a range-wide distribution article.

Habitat

Shrubby zones in riparian sites, usually adjacent to grassy areas; closely tied to water, such as streams, lakes or ponds. Sea-level to 300 m.

Movement

Sedentary.

Diet and Foraging

No details of diet. Forages on ground, also commonly perches in shrubs and small trees; may obtain some food from arboreal substrates. Found in pairs or small groups; outside breeding season in larger flocks, sometimes with S. flaveola.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Song a short and chirpy series of unmusical notes. Call a nasal “zhwit”; flight call described as a soft “chu-re-reet”. Flocks sound like large group of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus).

Breeding

Season Jun–Nov in Venezuela; once in Sept in Trinidad. Nest in Venezuela placed in crevice in wall, another in abandoned nesting burrow of kingfisher (Alcedinidae); clutch 4 eggs. Single nest in Trinidad cup-shaped, made from grass stems and roots, placed in hollow at end of broken branch c. 4 m from ground; contained 3 eggs, whitish-green with brown markings, these concentrated at wide end. No other information.
Not globally threatened. Locally fairly common to common. Recorded once in Trinidad, in 1926: several individuals observed, and nesting confirmed. Single old record from NE Peru (Loreto). In some areas this species is trapped for cagebird trade; losses considered not great enough to pose significant risk to population.

About the Author(s)

Alvaro began birding as an 11 year old in Canada, and eventually trained in Evolutionary Ecology studying, creatures as varied as leaf-cutter ants and Argentine cowbirds. But his career has been focused on birding tourism, both as a guide and owner of his tour company, as well as a avitourism consultant to various organizations. He is the author of Birds of Chile, New World Blackbirds: The Icterids, as well as the ABA Field Guide to the birds of California. He lives in Half Moon Bay, California where he is known for his pelagic birding trips. Email: alvaro@alvarosadventures.com.


Distribution of the Orange-fronted Yellow-Finch - Range Map
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  • Year-round
  • Migration
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Distribution of the Orange-fronted Yellow-Finch

Recommended Citation

Jaramillo, A. (2020). Orange-fronted Yellow-Finch (Sicalis columbiana), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.ofyfin1.01
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