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Dull-colored Grassquit Asemospiza obscura Scientific name definitions

Alvaro Jaramillo
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated January 1, 2011

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Introduction

This aptly named bird is uncommon along both slopes of the Andes and the adjacent coastal lowlands. They occur in both humid and dry areas, preferring shrubby woodland edges, gardens, and clearings. Compared to similar species, they are usually found in more brushy, rather than grassy, areas. They forage in groups, rarely mixing with other species. Both males and females are plain brown overall, with a slightly paler belly and darker back. Pay especial attention to flocks of exclusively female-colored birds, as other species generally have blackish adult males mixed in. Although very similar in appearance to many female seedeaters and grassquits, note Dull-colored Grassquit’s slender, bicolored bill. Their song consists of some quick introductory notes followed by a short trill or whistles.

Field Identification

10·5–11·5 cm; average 11·2 g. A small songbird, moderately long-tailed and small-headed, with short conical bill with relatively straight culmen. Nominate race (in extreme S of range) is very plain, brownish all over, paler on underparts; has very dull and narrow paler supercilium, darker eyeline, and pale crescents above and below eye; throat, breast and upper flanks more greyish-brown, a greyish wash sometimes extending to face; nominate geographically variable, in C to S Peru and adjacent Bolivia (La Paz) darker grey-brown on chest than those farther S, creating distinct contrast with pale belly, whereas populations from W slope of La Paz S to Argentina are pale like N Peruvian birds; iris dark brown; bill dark, yellowish-horn base of lower mandible, some variation in colour due to sex and breeding state; legs brownish. Sexes alike. Juvenile is similar to adult. Races differ in plumage coloration and bill colour: haplochroma is darker below than others, also more uniform, with no contrast between breast and belly, also the only race with entirely dark bill; pauper in N of range (extreme S Colombia and Ecuador) has bicoloured bill with pale lower mandible, paler brown breast with pale cream belly, contrasting buffier flanks, in S (N Peru from W slope of Andes, also Marañón and Huallaga Valleys) greyish on breast, with flanks pale like belly, some with whitish throat; pacifica is large and pale, in plumage resembles N Peruvian populations of previous.

Systematics History

Editor's Note: This article requires further editing work to merge existing content into the appropriate Subspecies sections. Please bear with us while this update takes place.

Formerly treated in Sporophila, but skeletal features, nest type, song and molecular data caused its transfer to Tiaris (but see Genus Asemospiza). Detailed study of geographical variation identified six diagnosable populations, namely: those in range of haplochroma (as listed below); population from extreme S Colombia and Ecuador (part of pauper); birds of dry N valleys of Peru, in valleys of R Marañón and R Huallaga (part of pauper); those in range of pacifica (as listed below); non-coastal regions in Peru, S to La Paz, in Bolivia (part of nominate); and E slope from N Bolivia S to N Argentina (part of nominate). Songs similar over entire range (1). Pending full revision, four subspecies recognized.

Subspecies


SUBSPECIES

Asemospiza obscura haplochroma Scientific name definitions

Distribution

mountains of N Colombia (Santa Marta) and N Venezuela (Carabobo E to Monagas), also Andes S to Colombia (S in Cauca Valley to S of Cauca Province).

SUBSPECIES

Asemospiza obscura pauper Scientific name definitions

Distribution

extreme S Colombia (Nariño) S on W slope of Andes to NW Peru (to La Libertad and Cajamarca) and on E slope in N Peru (S to San Martín and Loreto).

SUBSPECIES

Asemospiza obscura obscura Scientific name definitions

Distribution

E slope of C Peru (from San Martín S, patchily, to Puno) and S through Andean slopes of Bolivia to NW Argentina (S to Tucumán); also, probably non-breeding, in E lowlands of Bolivia (Santa Cruz and Chuquisaca), W Paraguay, SW Brazil (2, 3) and N Argentina (Chaco).

SUBSPECIES

Asemospiza obscura pacifica Scientific name definitions

Distribution

coastal plain and slope in Peru from Ancash S to Arequipa.

Distribution

Editor's Note: Additional distribution information for this taxon can be found in the 'Subspecies' article above. In the future we will develop a range-wide distribution article.

Habitat

Edge habitats, including edge of open forest, shrubby clearings and roadside thickets, also gardens, dry scrub; also in Lomas vegetation in coastal Peru (race pacifica). At 500–2100 m.

Movement

Resident in most of range. Lowland populations in E Bolivia appear to be present largely in non-breeding season; these presumed migrants from higher elevations in Bolivia, indicating an E–W migratory movement in extreme S of species’ range. Recorded in SW Brazil (Mato Grosso).

Diet and Foraging

Seeds; often takes seeds of grasses, particularly Panicum. Usually forages on ground or by bending down grass-heads or other seedheads, often within cover of understorey. Found singly and in pairs, sometimes in small groups.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Song buzzy and explosive, “zeetig, zeezeezig”, in Peru also described as similar to that of Volatinia jacarina but longer, more complex and more musical; little geographical variation in songs, all being quite clearly identifiable as of present species. Call a high-pitched “ti”.

Breeding

Season Jan–Feb in Bolivia and Argentina. Nest domed, with rounded side entrance, constructed from vegetable fibres, small overhang over entrance, placed in upright triple fork of branch usually less than 3 m from ground in small tree or bush. Clutch 3–4 eggs, whitish with evenly distributed pale brown and dark brown speckling. No other information.
Not globally threatened. Uncommon to locally common; rare in much of Peru. Has large range, within which no evidence of any large-scale population decline. In Venezuela, this species area of distribution appears to have become smaller as a result of to urbanization and development; in Ecuador, on other hand, it is thought to be expanding.

About the Author(s)

Alvaro began birding as an 11 year old in Canada, and eventually trained in Evolutionary Ecology studying, creatures as varied as leaf-cutter ants and Argentine cowbirds. But his career has been focused on birding tourism, both as a guide and owner of his tour company, as well as a avitourism consultant to various organizations. He is the author of Birds of Chile, New World Blackbirds: The Icterids, as well as the ABA Field Guide to the birds of California. He lives in Half Moon Bay, California where he is known for his pelagic birding trips. Email: alvaro@alvarosadventures.com.

Distribution of the Dull-colored Grassquit - Range Map
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Distribution of the Dull-colored Grassquit

Recommended Citation

Jaramillo, A. (2020). Dull-colored Grassquit (Asemospiza obscura), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.ducgra2.01
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