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Green-winged Saltator Saltator similis Scientific name definitions

David Brewer
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated January 1, 2011

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Introduction

Targeted by cagebird trappers and thus reduced in numbers, the Green-winged Saltator is resident over much of the Atlantic Forest region, from southern and eastern Brazil, south to Uruguay, and northeast Argentina. Mostly found below 1200 m, this saltator inhabits the middle levels and canopy of humid woodland and forest, where it is usually first located by virtue of its distinctive chew, chew, cho, chewee vocalizations. It partially overlaps in geographical range with the Thick-billed Saltator (Saltator maxillosus), which is generally but not exclusively found at higher altitudes, and the Grayish Saltator (Saltator coerulescens). Largely grayish above, the mantle is olive-tinged and the wings are bright green, while the underparts are principally dingy gray, with a white throat bordered black over the malar.

Field Identification

20·5–21 cm; 36–54 g (Brazil). Nominate race has crown dull greyish with greenish tinge, whitish supercilium, grey lores and ear-coverts; upperparts greenish-grey, rump grey, rectrices dull dark grey; remiges dull greyish-black, broadly edged bright greenish-yellow (giving greenish-yellow appearance to closed wing); chin and throat white, malar stripe blackish; chest buffy with diffuse darker streaks, flanks buffy grey, belly more buff, vent brownish-buff; iris dark brown; bill grey; legs dull leaden grey. Sexes alike. Juvenile is like adult, but has black streaks on abdomen and breast. Race ochraceiventris differs from nominate in having underparts darker, more ochraceous, especially on abdomen and crissum.

Systematics History

Editor's Note: This article requires further editing work to merge existing content into the appropriate Subspecies sections. Please bear with us while this update takes place.

One molecular study found little genetic divergence between this species and S. albicollis (1) (which see), but this finding was not repeated in a second study (2). Two subspecies recognized.

Subspecies


SUBSPECIES

Saltator similis similis Scientific name definitions

Distribution

E Bolivia, C and E Brazil (N Mato Grosso and Bahia S to Mato Grosso do Sul and C and NE São Paulo), Paraguay (except W), NE Argentina (E Formosa and Misiones S to Santa Fe, Entre Ríos and NE Buenos Aires) and N Uruguay.

SUBSPECIES

Saltator similis ochraceiventris Scientific name definitions

Distribution

SE Brazil (Paraná and SE São Paulo S to Rio Grande do Sul).

Distribution

Editor's Note: Additional distribution information for this taxon can be found in the 'Subspecies' article above. In the future we will develop a range-wide distribution article.

Habitat

Woodland, including gallery forest and forest borders, and clearings. Lowlands to c. 1200 m.

Movement

Apparently sedentary.

Diet and Foraging

In study of faecal samples in Mato Grosso do Sul (S Brazil), insects the predominant item, supplemented by fruit and berries. Will take swarming termites (Isoptera); also eats leaves of canema (Solanum) and seeds of Pereskia cactus, and seen to take sugary secretions of aphids (Aphidoidea) feeding on leguminous plant bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella). Forages mostly in pairs; sometimes joins mixed-species foraging flocks. Forages in several layers of forest, from medium levels of understorey up to subcanopy.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Song a short series of loud whistled notes, “chew-chew-cho-chewee”. Also gives series of hurried twitterings.

Breeding

In Brazil, eggs being incubated in early Nov and recently fledged young seen early Dec to early Jan in Rio Grande do Sul, and adult carrying food late Sept in Rio de Janeiro; nests in Oct–Dec in Uruguay. Nest a cup made from leaves and small twigs, lined with soft fine roots, external diameter 8 cm, cup 4·4 cm, placed 1–3 m up in tree. Clutch 2 eggs, rarely 3, pale blue or shiny blue-grey, marked at blunt end with black streaks or dots; no information on incubation and fledging periods, nor on parental involvement. Nests sometimes parasitized by Shiny Cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis).
Not globally threatened. Fairly common in much of its range. Apparent expansion of range S in NE Argentina: first records in NE Buenos Aires during late 1980s, and species now appears to be established at various localities. Frequently taken as a cagebird.
Distribution of the Green-winged Saltator - Range Map
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Distribution of the Green-winged Saltator
Green-winged Saltator, Abundance map
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Data provided by eBird

Green-winged Saltator

Saltator similis

Abundance

Relative abundance is depicted for each season along a color gradient from a light color indicating lower relative abundance to a dark color indicating a higher relative abundance. Relative abundance is the estimated average count of individuals detected by an eBirder during a 1 hour, 1 kilometer traveling checklist at the optimal time of day for each species.   Learn more about this data

Relative abundance
Year-round
0.01
0.25
0.8

Recommended Citation

Brewer, D. (2020). Green-winged Saltator (Saltator similis), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.grwsal1.01
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