- Masked Saltator
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Masked Saltator Saltator cinctus Scientific name definitions

David Brewer
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated January 1, 2011

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Introduction

Currently treated as Near Threatened, the Masked Saltator is known from very few localities, in the Central Andes of Colombia, on the east slope in southern Ecuador, and in north central Peru. Throughout, it appears to be rare and local. The Masked Saltator is a bold and distinctive species, being mostly dark bluish gray above, with a black face and breast-band, largely white underparts, and a large black bill with varying amounts of red basally. The species occurs in the canopy of montane evergreen and elfin forest, and has been observed in dense stands of Chusquea bamboo in parts of Ecuador and Peru, but elsewhere there is evidence of a much stronger association with Podocarpus oleifolius, a very slow-growing and heavily logged tree. In Ecuador, it is speculated to undertake non-seasonal movements, perhaps in response to the availability of Podocarpus cones.

Field Identification

21·5 cm; 43–53 g (Ecuador and Peru). Has crown and upperparts slate-grey, flight-feathers and upperwing-coverts black, broadly edged with clear dark grey, rectrices black, outer four with broad white tips, inner two narrowly tipped white; lores back to ear-coverts and down to chin and throat black (in Colombia, narrow pale streak separating black mask from the grey of rear head); upper chest white, broad black band across chest, rest of underparts white (in Colombia belly creamy white, not pure white), flanks grey, vent broadly barred black and white; iris orange or golden, inner ring yellow; upper mandible largely red, lower mandible black mixed with red (in Colombia bill wholly red); legs slate-grey. Sexes alike, female possibly with red of upper mandible more extensive. Juvenile is duller than adult, black mask less extensive, bill pale yellow.

Systematics History

Colombian populations of present species seem to exhibit constant differences in plumage and bill colour from those in rest of range, and may represent a separate taxon; further study required. Currently treated as monotypic.

Subspecies

Monotypic.

Distribution

Several apparently disjunct populations: in Colombia on both slopes of C Andes in S Antioquía, Caldas, Risaralda, Quindío, Tolima and N Valle del Cauca; in Ecuador at scattered locations in W Napo, W Morona-Santiago, Zamora-Chinchipe and S Loja; and in Peru in E Piura, Cajamarca, San Martín and Huánuco.

Habitat

Subtropical steep montane forest. In Colombia, mixed woodland of average height of 15 m with higher trees to 20 m, including Melastomaceae, Cunoniaceae and Lamiaceae, with ferns and palms; farther S, frequently in Podocarpus oleifolius. Despite earlier reports, probably not strongly associated with Chusquea bamboo, although recorded in such habitat. From at least 2500 m to 3080 m in Colombia; 2000–2700 m In Ecuador and 1700–3000 m in Peru.

Movement

Resident; appears to be somewhat nomadic, possibly in response to variation in abundance of fruiting trees (sometimes absent from locations where previously observed).

Diet and Foraging

Recorded items include various fruits, especially Podocarpus, also arillate seeds of Clusia and other trees and vines; once seen to eat young leaves. Associates to variable degree with other species, including conebills and various other tanagers (Thraupidae) and woodcreepers (Dendrocolaptidae). Forages mostly in canopy.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Song, in Ecuador, a rich, mellow whistled phrase, “tu-chew-chew-chew-wuri?”. Calls “tzip” or “tseeyk”, a soft “tiu-tiu”, “chu” and similar.

Breeding

Apparent breeding behaviour and juvenile being attended by an adult at end Apr in Colombia. Observations of agitated birds suggest that nest probably situated fairly low down in dense vegetation. Only one egg described (laid in a bag by captured female on 25th Feb in Risaralda, at 2680 m in Colombia), clear blue, marked at blunt end with very dark brown blotches. No other information.
Not globally threatened. Currently considered Near-threatened. Generally rare and local; apparently nowhere common. Possibly declining as a result of habitat loss. Seems to be strongly associated with Podocarpus, a species under great pressure, even in some officially protected areas. Present in a number of protected areas in all three countries of its range.
Distribution of the Masked Saltator - Range Map
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Distribution of the Masked Saltator

Recommended Citation

Brewer, D. (2020). Masked Saltator (Saltator cinctus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.massal1.01
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