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Cuban Vireo Vireo gundlachii Scientific name definitions

David Brewer
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated June 21, 2013

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Introduction

The Cuban Vireo is endemic to and widespread over Cuba, where it is represented by as many as four subspecies, two of which are entirely restricted to offshore islands of the archipelago and some of them only rather marginally differentiated. This species is probably the most commonly encountered Vireo on Cuba, with the possible exception of Black-whiskered Vireo (Vireo altiloquus), which is a summer visitor to the country, rather than a permanent resident. These two species are easily separated by vocalisations and plumage, with Cuban Vireo having a large-eyed appearance, no eyestripe, but possessing one or two faint wingbars, as well as creamy lores and a postocular crescent. The Cuban Vireo prefers forested areas, but can also be found in bushy thickets, and is mainly confined to lower elevations. Like other vireos, the nest is cup-shaped, and the breeding season commences in March and continues to August. The species usually lays three eggs.

Field Identification

13 cm; 11·1–15·2 g. Nominate race has crown, ear-coverts and back dull olive-grey, patch from lores to behind eye (often discontinuous) yellow or creamy-white (contrasting with prominent dark eye) and fairly greyish-yellow area from base of lower mandible to ear-coverts; primaries and secondaries dull brownish-grey, pale yellowish edgings on outer webs; median and greater upperwing-coverts dull brownish-grey with whitish or pale greyish tips (two narrow wingbars); rectrices dull brownish-grey; throat and chest dull yellowish, becoming paler on belly and more grey on sides, undertail-coverts dull yellow-grey; weakly dimorphic, some individuals much more yellow than others, individuals from I of Pines may be whitish below; iris brown or reddish-brown; bill grey-brown above, paler below; legs lead-grey. Sexes alike. Juvenile is generally duller than adult. Race orientalis is generally the most grey of all, with paler yellow underparts; magnus is larger, longer-winged and longer-tailed than nominate and previous, less olivaceous on back and paler yellow on underparts; sanfelipensis is paler below than nominate, especially on chin and throat, which are whitish (not yellow).

Systematics History

Editor's Note: This article requires further editing work to merge existing content into the appropriate Subspecies sections. Please bear with us while this update takes place.

Sometimes treated as conspecific with V. griseus. Races rather poorly differentiated; species sometimes treated as monotypic. Four subspecies recognized.

Subspecies

Monotypic.

Distribution

woodlands of Cuba, Isle of Pines and adjacent islands

Habitat

Forest, forest edge, thickets and bushes; mainly at lower elevations, but also in hills and mountains.

Movement

Apparently sedentary.

Diet and Foraging

Food items insects, fruits, small lizards. Forages mostly in lower levels of vegetation, usually in pairs; frequently in mixed flocks, especially with Yellow-headed Warbler (Teretistris fernandinae) or Oriente Warbler (Teretistris fornsi). Rather sluggish, not flying long distances.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Song a loud whistling, very variable, e.g. "chuee-chuee" or "see-ree-ri-do". Other vocalizations include a rapid descending series of "chi" notes, a scolding "kik", a soft rattling call and, in spring courtship, a rapid repeated "wheet".

Breeding

Season Mar–Aug, probably mostly Apr–Jun. Nest a well-concealed pensile cup made of plant fibres, grasses, mosses, lichens, horsehair, animal fur, cobwebs and small feathers, supported by its rim between lateral forks of fine twigs. Clutch 3 eggs, white, with small brown or purplish spots concentrated around blunt end. No other information.
Not globally threatened. Restricted-range species: present in Cuba EBA. Considered to be generally common over much of its range. Races magnus and sanfelipensis have very small geographical ranges; both could be vulnerable to violent meteorological events, especially hurricanes.
Distribution of the Cuban Vireo - Range Map
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Distribution of the Cuban Vireo

Recommended Citation

Brewer, D. (2020). Cuban Vireo (Vireo gundlachii), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.cubvir1.01
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