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Dusky Chlorospingus Chlorospingus semifuscus Scientific name definitions

Steven Hilty
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated January 1, 2011

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Introduction

Also known as the Dusky-bellied Bush-Tanager, this species is endemic to western Colombia and northwest Ecuador, where it is typically common in the region’s humid montane forests and borders. Like other bush-tanagers, it regularly associates with mixed-species flocks dominated by other tanagers, but may also be found in monospecific groups of up to 20 individuals (usually fewer). Its elevational range spans 700–2400 m at least. The Dusky Bush-Tanager should be easily identified within its comparatively restricted range, as other Chlorospingus in this region all have some yellow on the underparts or throat. The present species has the head and neck dark grayish, with olive upperparts and brownish-gray underparts, in some races becoming yellowish olive on the flanks. The eyes are yellowish white to reddish brown, depending on subspecies.

Field Identification

14–15 cm; 17–23 g. Drab, undistinguished bush-tanager. Nominate race has crown and side of head dark grey, tiny white postocular spot sometimes present; upperparts, including upperwing-coverts, dark olive; flight-feathers dusky, edged yellowish-olive, tertials and tail mostly dark olive; throat and underparts mainly brownish-grey (paler than crown), paler on centre of belly, some­times with ochraceous-olive wash forming a diffuse pectoral band, flanks and undertail-coverts tinged olive; iris light reddish-brown to intense brownish-red; bill blackish; legs dark grey. Sexes similar. Juvenile is duller than adult, with faint grey streaks on belly. Race livingstoni is overall darker than nominate, more smoky grey (less brownish) on head and smoky olive on upperparts, greyer (less brownish-tinged) below, iris yellowish-white.

Systematics History

Editor's Note: This article requires further editing work to merge existing content into the appropriate Subspecies sections. Please bear with us while this update takes place.

Race livingstoni mensurally very similar but very close to species rank owing to its white vs reddish iris (3 [a character missed by other recent literature (1)]); blacker crown with no brownish tinge (1); slightly paler grey belly (1); and song (a repeated single high-pitched note) with rather different note shape (but only two recordings of livingstoni; score at least 1) (2); further research into voice needed. Two subspecies recognized.

Subspecies


SUBSPECIES

Chlorospingus semifuscus livingstoni Scientific name definitions

Distribution

W slope of W Andes of Colombia from S Chocó (upper R San Juan) S to Cauca (Munchique area).

SUBSPECIES

Chlorospingus semifuscus semifuscus Scientific name definitions

Distribution

SW Colombia (Pacific slope in Nariño) and W slope in Ecuador (S to W Cotopaxi).

SUBSPECIES

Chlorospingus semifuscus xanthothorax Scientific name definitions

Distribution

southwestern Ecuador (El Oro and adjacent western Loja)

Distribution

Editor's Note: Additional distribution information for this taxon can be found in the 'Subspecies' article above. In the future we will develop a range-wide distribution article.

Habitat

Wet montane forest, especially wet, foggy and epiphyte-laden forest; stays mainly inside forest, but visits fruiting shrubs at forest borders. Recorded at 900–2500 m in Colombia (W Cauca) and mostly 1200–2300 m in Ecuador. Typically, more at lower levels and in interior of forest than C. flavopectus and C. canigularis.

Movement

Resident.

Diet and Foraging

Insects, and small fruits and berries. Forages in pairs and in small groups, often with mixed-species flocks as well as independently of them; participation in flocks occurs throughout year, but reduced during peak singing period and during singing hours. Forages in active alert manner, hopping along smaller branches and perch-gleaning, also taking small fruits and berries, much like other members of genus.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Dawn song a series of high “tsit” notes changing to “tsit-it” notes and gradually into slightly buzzy trill; described also as a series of high-pitched notes, almost like those of a hummingbird (Trochilidae), that gradually speed up and gain strength, becoming quite “spanking” before ending in dry sputter. In SW Nariño (Colombia) groups of males formed dense linear song leks, regularly spaced along ridges, from which they sang at dawn and again in late afternoon during most of year, with peak May–Aug. Call an extremely high-pitched “chip”, often repeated, and a thin penetrating trill.

Breeding

Nest-building in Apr, nest with chicks in Jun, and stub-tailed fledglings seen with adults in Apr (four separate pairs) and Jun (two pairs) in SW Nariño, in Colombia. Groups of singing males found to occupy small circular territories at ridgetop song assemblies, sites usually reoccupied in subsequent years by same males; fruit resources may permit males to remain on territories for long periods, and nest-sites believed to be far from the ridgetop assemblies. Partners apparently form pair-bond and male participates at least in nest-site selection and feeding of young, suggesting that a system of linear singing assemblies is superimposed upon a social system that is otherwise typical of genus. At La Planada Nature Reserve (SW Nariño), female carried grass and dry bamboo leaves to a nest 7·5 m up and c. 2 m from trunk, cup-nest embedded in moss and epiphytes. No other information.

Conservation Status

Not globally threatened. Restricted-range species: present in Chocó EBA. Fairly common to common throughout rather narrow elevational zone. Generally more numerous at higher elevations. In Ecuador, unconfirmed sightings farther S, in El Oro, require corroboration. Can be found in Farallones de Cali and Munchique National Parks and La Planada and Tambito Nature Reserves, in Colombia. Deforestation and forest fragmentation is accelerating throughout its small global range.
Distribution of the Dusky Chlorospingus - Range Map
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Distribution of the Dusky Chlorospingus

Recommended Citation

Hilty, S. (2020). Dusky Chlorospingus (Chlorospingus semifuscus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.dubtan1.01
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