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Pale-eyed Blackbird Agelasticus xanthophthalmus Scientific name definitions

Rosendo Fraga
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated January 1, 2011

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Introduction

The Pale-eyed Blackbird is very closely related to the Unicolored Blackbird, and if was not for the white eye of the male it might perhaps have been described as a subspecies of the Unicolored Blackbird? Female Pale-eyed Blackbirds are brownish and dark, unlike the more colorful females of the widespread form of the Unicolored Blackbird. The repetitive whistled song is also similar to that of the Unicolored Blackbird. The Pale-eyed Blackbird is restricted to a handful of sites in eastern Ecuador and Peru, and was described to science as recently as 1969. Its preferred habitats are “cochas” or oxbow lakes, particularly those with thickets of floating grasses and sedges adjacent to tall emergent vegetation. The Pale-eyed Blackbird is most likely to be found as isolated pairs, not in flocks. Its song display is not spectacular, merely flaring the tail somewhat as it sings. The role of the pale eyes, if any, in display is not known.

Field Identification

Male average 20·5 cm, 43 g; female 18·2 cm. A slender-billed all-dark icterid with pale eyes. Male is entirely black with slight bluish-green gloss, also ultraviolet reflection in crown and supercilium (not reported for related species); iris pale yellow; bill and legs black. Female is very like male, but smaller, somewhat less glossy, also possibly lacking ultraviolet reflection. Juvenile is brown, back feathers and tertials with thin buffy tips, yellowish-buff streaking below, particularly on throat and upper breast, iris dark.

Systematics History

Closely related to A. cyanopus. Monotypic.

Subspecies

Monotypic.

Distribution

Very local in lowlands of Amazonian Ecuador (Orellana) and Peru (San Martín, Huánuco, Junín and Madre de Dios).

Habitat

Wetlands, particularly edges of oxbow lakes, with abundant emergent and floating vegetation; seems to prefer areas dominated by the aquatic grass Panicum grande. Up to 650 m.

Movement

Resident.

Diet and Foraging

Main food insects; presumably other arthropods, and seeds, also taken. Obtains prey by gaping in the sheathing bases of grass leaves and in clusters of dead leaves; also by gleaning in aquatic vegetation. Reported as catching alate termites (Isoptera) in flight. Moves in pairs and in family groups.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Song, by both sexes, variable series of repeated notes, e.g. “chee-cheee-chee...” or “tew-tew-tew...”, also a slow trill; duets reported. Contact call “chek”.

Breeding

Season Nov in Peru. Scant data indicate monogamy and solitary breeding. One nest described, built from plant materials like strips of the grass Panicum grande, also leaf strips of Heliconia metallica, the vine Mikania and the palm Scheelea cephalotes, unlined cup 7 cm in diameter, anchored 45 cm above water in aquatic plant Ludwigia leptocarpa within clump of Panicum grande. Clutch 2 eggs, pale bluish-white with scattered brown blotches, more heavily marked around large end. No further information available.
Not globally threatened. Scarce to rare, and very local. Known from very few localities. Because of its restricted range and relatively small populations, it might require listing as Near-threatened (particularly in Ecuador). Protected in Manu National Park and Biosphere Reserve (Peru).
Distribution of the Pale-eyed Blackbird - Range Map
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  • Year-round
  • Migration
  • Breeding
  • Non-Breeding
Distribution of the Pale-eyed Blackbird

Recommended Citation

Fraga, R. (2020). Pale-eyed Blackbird (Agelasticus xanthophthalmus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.paebla2.01
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