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Slaty Antwren Myrmotherula schisticolor Scientific name definitions

Kevin Zimmer and Morton L. Isler
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated January 1, 2003

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Introduction

The Slaty Antwren is found from southeast Mexico to northern Venezuela, and throughout the tropical Andes to northwest Bolivia; as such, it is the most widely distributed Myrmotherula outside of Amazonia. Its morphology and vocalizations suggest a close relationship with the Rio Suno Antwren (Myrmotherula axillaris), and the Salvadori’s Antwren (Myrmotherula minor), both of which are extremely localized species, in upper Amazonia and southeast Brazil, respectively. Males are similar to those of both of the two last-named species, but are overall darker in coloration, with smaller white wing spotting, while females are rather brighter, more cinnamon, especially below, but show a fair degree of geographical variation between the three different subspecies. The Slaty Antwren occurs in the understory of montane and foothill forests, between at least 600 and 2400 m.

Field Identification

9–10 cm; 8·5–10 g. Male nominate race is dark grey, wings darker, throat and upper breast black; concealed white interscapular patch; wing-coverts and crissum feathers with black subapical spot and whitish tip; tail thinly edged white in fresh plumage. Female is greyish-olive above, flight-feathers and tail browner, wing-coverts edged rufous, throat pale cinnamon, centre of underparts cinnamon with tawny tinge, mixed with olive-brown on sides and flanks, lower underparts yellowish-brown. Subadult male is like female, but black throat feathers starting to appear. Race sanctaemartae male is substantially paler than nominate, black restricted to throat and centre of uppermost breast, wing edgings browner, female much greyer on upperparts, underparts more extensively yellow-brown; interior male is intermediate, white interscapular patch minimal, female is more blue-grey and darker above than previous, more extensively cinnamon, tinged tawny, below.

Systematics History

Editor's Note: This article requires further editing work to merge existing content into the appropriate Subspecies sections. Please bear with us while this update takes place.

Often grouped with similarly plumaged species in the “grey antwren assemblage” (see M. axillaris). Close relationship to M. sunensis and M. minor suggested by similarities in morphology, behaviour and vocalizations. Geographical limits of races, as well as molecular and vocal details, require investigation (1). Three subspecies recognized.

Subspecies


SUBSPECIES

Myrmotherula schisticolor schisticolor Scientific name definitions

Distribution

extreme SE Mexico (Chiapas) S on lower mountain slopes (Caribbean slope N of Nicaragua, mostly Pacific slope in Panama) to Colombia (W and WC Andes) and Ecuador (Pacific slope).

SUBSPECIES

Myrmotherula schisticolor sanctaemartae Scientific name definitions

Distribution

NE Colombia (Santa Marta Mts and Sierra de Perijá) and N Venezuela (Sierra de Perijá, Andes and Coastal Range E to Sucre).

SUBSPECIES

Myrmotherula schisticolor interior Scientific name definitions

Distribution

Andes in Colombia (W slope of C range, E range) and on E slope S to Peru (S to Puno).

Distribution

Editor's Note: Additional distribution information for this taxon can be found in the 'Subspecies' article above. In the future we will develop a range-wide distribution article.

Habitat

Understorey of montane and foothill evergreen forest and adjacent second-growth woodland, mostly at 600–1700 m; locally to 2400 m or down to near sea-level. Primarily in wet, mossy cloudforest in most of range, and generally at higher elevations than most congeners, but locally in semi-humid forest down to lowlands of Pacific slope in Costa Rica, Panama and Ecuador, and on Caribbean slope in Venezuela.

Movement

None recorded; presumed resident throughout range.

Diet and Foraging

Little published. Feeds on various insects and spiders; stomach contents of single Panama specimen included homopterans (Fulgoridae) and many spiders. Forages in pairs, individually or in family groups, 0–12 m above ground (mostly 1–6 m); sometimes alone, but more often with mixed-species flocks of other insectivores. Very active, constantly hopping and changing direction, scanning foliage between movements, but seldom pausing for more than 2 seconds, and always flicking the wings. Gleans prey from upper and lower surfaces of live leaves (mostly), stems and vines, using reaches, acrobatic hanging from branchlets or leaf petioles, short lunging stabs, also short sallies (these often fluttering hover-gleans upwards to underside of overhanging vegetation). Often jumps up and strikes undersides of large leaves with enough force to move them visibly, sometimes clinging acrobatically beneath a leaf for fraction of a second before abruptly fluttering down a metre or so to a lower perch, or even to the ground in pursuit of dislodged prey; sudden “flutter-downs” are a common feature of the foraging repertoire. Sometimes drops briefly to ground to take prey from surface of leaf litter. Regularly inspects suspended dead leaves and dead-leaf clusters, sometimes lingering for up to 20 seconds at a leaf; unlike true dead-leaf specialists, does not skip from one leaf to the next while ignoring intervening live vegetation, but opportunistically scans dead leaves in the course of its foraging; inspects dead leaves either by clinging acrobatically to the margins or underside or by reaching or hanging from an adjacent perch. Once observed persistently following a swarm of army ants (Neivamyrmex) at c. 1700 m in Colombia; also, one record of ant-following in Costa Rica.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Loudsong consists of upslurred whistle sounding like “wheet”, repeated singly at intervals of 1·5–2 seconds, or in groups of 2–4 at shorter intervals (e.g. 0·9–1·2 seconds) with longer spaces between groups. Calls include downslurred nasal whine, given singly, also same type of note turned into nasal “chirr” by overtones; also sharp “chip” notes, sometimes strung together into twitter.

Breeding

Mar–Jul in Costa Rica; adults feeding begging juveniles in Jan–Feb in Venezuela. Nest a deep cup of black fungal rhizomorphs, thinly woven (contents often visible through the fabric), bound by cobwebs, suspended by rim from horizontal fork or two diverging or nearly parallel branches of sapling 0·9–2 m above ground. Normal clutch 2 eggs, white or cream, blotched, speckled or scrawled with reddish or purplish-brown throughout, or markings concentrated in wreath around larger end; incubation by both parents during day, male taking greater share, only by female at night, period at one nest c. 15 days; chick hatches without down, and with yellow lining of mouth; brooding and feeding of chicks by both parents, nestling period c. 9 days.
Not globally threatened. Uncommon to fairly common over most of its rather large range. A number of protected areas exist within regions inhabited by this species, e.g.: Carara Biological Reserve, Monteverde Forest Reserve, La Amistad International Park and Braulio Carrillo National Park, in Costa Rica; Volcán Barú National Park and Fortuna Forest Reserve, in Panama; Henri Pittier, Guatopo and Yacambú National Parks, in Venezuela; Sumaco-Galeras and Machalilla National Parks, in Ecuador; and Manu National Park and Biosphere Reserve, in Peru. The foothill and middle-elevation slopes favoured by this species are often subject to the most intensive pressure from human colonization and cultivation, which could place some of its populations at risk.
Distribution of the Slaty Antwren - Range Map
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Distribution of the Slaty Antwren

Recommended Citation

Zimmer, K. and M.L. Isler (2020). Slaty Antwren (Myrmotherula schisticolor), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.slaant1.01
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