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South Pare White-eye Zosterops winifredae Scientific name definitions

Josep del Hoyo, Nigel Collar, and Guy M. Kirwan
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated September 25, 2019

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Originally Appeared in

HBW Alive

Field Identification

11·5–12 cm. Adult is smaller than most other members of the Z. poliogastrus species complex, grey-bellied and similar to formerly conspecific Z. kulalensis, but darker above, forehead less yellow, darker and more blue-grey sides, mid-ventral stripe greyish-white, yellow undertail-coverts tinged green; axillaries pale yellow, underwing-coverts white with yellow tinge; iris brown or hazel; bill black; legs slate to pale grey. Sexes alike. Immature resembles adult.

Systematics History

Usually treated as conspecific with Z. poliogastrus, but see comments under that species. Differs from poliogastrus by its duller and less extensive yellow throat (2); bluish-grey vs buffy-grey flanks (2); duller and less extensive yellow undertail-coverts (2); and shorter wing (allow 2); from Z. kaffensis by its duller yellow throat (1); grey vs olive-green flanks (3); narrow whitish vs broad yellow mid-belly (3); narrower yellow (and orange-tinged) forehead (ns[1]); and slightly shorter wing (allow 1); from Z. kulalensis by its less extensive yellow on throat (1); narrow white vs narrow yellowish belly (2); duller and less extensive yellow undertail-coverts (2); and shorter bill, wing and tail (allow 2); from Z. kikuyuensis by its less extensive (orange-tinged) yellow forehead (2); duller yellow throat (ns[1]); grey vs olive-green flanks (3); narrow whitish vs strong yellow belly (3); narrower white eyering (mensural character; 2); and notably shorter tail (allow 2); from Z. silvanus by its orange-tinged yellow vs green forehead (2); yellower throat (1); paler grey flanks (1); whiter central belly (ns[1]); much narrower eyering (3); and somewhat shorter tail (allow 1); from Z. eurycricotus by its orange-tinged yellow vs green forehead (2); grey vs olive-green flanks (3); narrow whitish vs narrow yellow belly (2); much narrower eyering (3); and notably shorter tail (2); and from Z. mbuluensis by its its duller yellow throat (1); grey vs olive-green flanks (3); narrow whitish vs broad yellow mid-belly (3); narrower eyering (1); and shorter tail (at least 1). Recent research suggests most of these taxa are also vocally distinct from one another (1), but work needed to assess levels of divergence. Monotypic.

Subspecies

Monotypic.

Distribution

S Pare Mts, in NE Tanzania.

Habitat

Found in tree-heath (Erica) vegetation at forest edge and in interior light gaps and clearings, but also in low (c. 1 m) Erica heath, at 2000–2465 m.

Movement

Sedentary.

Diet and Foraging

Diet basically unknown. Foraging behaviour presumably largely as described for Z. kikuyuensis.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Not specifically described in the literature, but this species’ calls  appear typical of the Z. poliograstrus complex.

Breeding

Nothing known.

Conservation Status

Conservation status on Birdlife NT Near Threatened

VULNERABLE. Restricted-range species: confined to 7500 km² of the Tanzania-Malawi Mountains EBA. In Oct–Nov 1992 was fairly common, with total of several thousands of individuals in four reserves, namely the Chome Catchment Forest Reserve (143 km²), Mwala Forest Reserve (14 km²), and Kwizu and Chambogo Catchment Forest Reserves (combined 80 km²); all of these forests are under threat from clearance, particularly for agriculture, grazing, pole-cutting, and extraction of wood for fuel, with Chome Forest Reserve having been degraded by fire and illegal logging. More recently, the species has been estimated to number 2500–10,000 birds, although the population is still considered to be declining.

Distribution of the Broad-ringed White-eye (South Pare) - Range Map
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  • Year-round
  • Migration
  • Breeding
  • Non-Breeding
Distribution of the Broad-ringed White-eye (South Pare)

eBird and Macaulay Library

Recommended Citation

del Hoyo, J., N. Collar, and G. M. Kirwan (2020). South Pare White-eye (Zosterops winifredae), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.brrwhe10.01
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