- White-browed Forest-Flycatcher
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White-browed Forest-Flycatcher Fraseria cinerascens Scientific name definitions

Barry Taylor
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated February 17, 2017

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Field Identification

17 cm; 13–24·5 g (ruthae). Male nominate race has head and upperparts dark sooty grey, lores darker, pure white supraloral spot extending backwards as white streak above eye; primaries and secondaries brownish-black, outer webs edged sooty grey; tertials brownish-black, washed sooty grey; upperwing-coverts slightly darker, fringed sooty grey; chin, throat, and entire underparts ­greyish-white (bases of feathers blackish), scalloped with blackish crescents on throat, breast and upper flanks, markings narrow on throat and upper belly; thighs black, barred white; axillaries grey, edged white, underwing-coverts blackish, edged white; iris olive-brown; bill and legs black. Differs from F. ocreata in smaller size, presence of white in front of and above eye, less distinct crescentic markings on underparts. Female is very like male, but face paler. Juvenile is dark brown above, densely spotted buff or rusty, markings becoming stripes on head, mantle feathers with triangular dark-edged buff subterminal mark, flight-feathers and tail dark brown, tertials tipped and edged buff on outer webs, whitish below, breast and flanks washed buff to rufous-brown and scalloped and freckled blackish; immature like female, but grey areas heavily suffused olive, lores and ear-coverts densely streaked rusty ochre, supraloral streak small and ochre (not white), has rufous apical spots on upperwing-coverts and tertials, sparse rusty-ochre streaks on upper mantle, ochre centre of breast, more russet on breast side and flanks. Race <em>ruthae</em> has darker upperparts than nominate, forehead , forecrown, lores and area below eye black, scalloping on breast heavier .

Systematics History

Editor's Note: This article requires further editing work to merge existing content into the appropriate Subspecies sections. Please bear with us while this update takes place.

This species and F. ocreata are traditionally viewed as a species group, but they differ significantly in habits and voice, and genetic data disprove a very close relationship (1). Two subspecies recognized.

Subspecies

Undetermined race in NC Togo (Fazao-Malfakassa National Park (2) ).


SUBSPECIES

Fraseria cinerascens cinerascens Scientific name definitions

Distribution

SW Senegal and Gambia (Gambia and Basse Casamance), Guinea-Bissau (except NE), W Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, S Ivory Coast and S Ghana.

SUBSPECIES

Fraseria cinerascens ruthae Scientific name definitions

Distribution

S Benin (Lokoli Forest (3) ), SW, S and C Nigeria, S Cameroon and S Central African Republic S to N Angola (Cabinda SE to Lunda Norte) and C DRCongo (E to upper Uele, Ituri and Kasai).

Distribution

Editor's Note: Additional distribution information for this taxon can be found in the 'Subspecies' article above. In the future we will develop a range-wide distribution article.

Habitat

Lowland riparian evergreen forest at rivers, lagoons and creeks, including seasonally flooded forest; always near water. Avoids small forest streams, but occurs at junction where these meet wider waterways. Frequents dark, shady places under dense overhanging foliage, typically in areas where scattered seedlings and saplings up to 3–5 m high; also in dense stands of trees with aerial roots, such as Uapaca. Requires decaying stumps, old trunks and fallen dead trees projecting above water.

Movement

Apparently sedentary.

Diet and Foraging

Mostly arthropods, predominantly insects, including moths and caterpillars (Lepidoptera), beetles (Coleoptera), ants and wasps (Hymenoptera), grasshoppers (Orthoptera), bugs (Hemiptera), mantids (Mantodea) and flies (Diptera); also many spiders (Araneae), and some small millipedes (Diplopoda), worms (Annelida); also small fruits such as figs (Ficus natalensis). Prey size 5–65 mm, mostly 10–40 mm. Found singly or in pairs, partners often foraging separately. Forages actively all day, usually in bouts of 40–60 minutes; less active in afternoon. Sits on exposed perch in shady place under dense foliage, and sallies in looping or hovering flight to take prey on leaf or trunk; gleans foliage by hopping or flying up and down among branches; gleans from fallen trunks, hopping around decaying stumps, along trunks covered with moss or lichens, and along epiphyte-covered large horizontal branches low over water. Also drops from low perch (below 1 m) to catch prey on ground, where it may hop.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Rather quiet and unobtrusive. Song  a series of drawn-out, high-pitched  , thin, trilled, almost insect-like “tsreeee” notes. Contact note a high-pitched, prolonged “tseeee”; anxiety a harsh “kchee”; alarm a loud, long, high-pitched whistle by male and harsh “shhhh” by female.

Breeding

Recorded May and Sept in Senegal and Gambia, Jan and Apr–May in Ghana, Feb and Apr (and male with enlarged testes in Nov) in Nigeria, Jan–Feb in Cameroon, Sept–Feb (mostly Dec–Feb, in short dry season) in Gabon and Jun–Aug in Angola; also females with enlarged gonads in Jul and Dec in Liberia and in May in Central African Republic, and male in breeding condition in May and juveniles in Mar–Jun, Aug, Oct and Dec in DRCongo; some pairs breed twice in same cycle. Monogamous, probably pairing for life in NE Gabon (partners still together 12 years after being ringed as adults). Solitary; territorial all year. Nest built by female, in 6–8 days, guarded by male while building, a bulky, coarse base of moss, dead twigs and leaves, lichens, epiphyte rootlets and vegetable fibres, with neat cup of thin leaf skeletons, lined with moss, rootlets or Marasmius fungus, external diameter 9–10 cm, internal diameter 5–7 cm, depth of cup 3–4 cm; placed usually 1–2 m (up to 3 m) above ground in cavity or split in dead stump, tree trunk, liana stem or branch, or among tangled tree roots, in riverbank cavity or in termite mound; often above water (28% of nests in NE Gabon); average territory size 1·5 ha in NE Gabon, where territory usually linear along riverbanks or covering small island. Clutch 1–2 eggs, laid at daily intervals; may lay replacement if clutch lost; incubation by female, period 14 days; hatching synchronous, chicks fed by both parents, nestling period 11–12 days; after fledging, young fed for 1–2 months, sometimes for 70 days, remain on parental territory until next breeding cycle. Of 30 clutches (totalling 54 eggs) in NE Gabon, 13 (21 eggs) hatched, and ten produced total of 17 young fledglings. Lifespan more than 12 years.
Not globally threatened. Uncommon to abundant throughout range; not uncommon in S extreme of range, in N Angola. Average density of 7 pairs/km of linear riverbank and 70 pairs/km² on periodically flooded forested islands recorded in NE Gabon. No published evidence for range contraction, but destruction of riverine forest habitat may have adversely affected its numbers and distribution; nevertheless, it is fairly adaptable, and will occupy remnant riverine forest along watercourses in plantations.
Distribution of the White-browed Forest-Flycatcher - Range Map
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  • Migration
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  • Non-Breeding
Distribution of the White-browed Forest-Flycatcher

Recommended Citation

Taylor, B. (2020). White-browed Forest-Flycatcher (Fraseria cinerascens), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.wbffly1.01
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