- Whitehead's Swiftlet (whiteheadi)

Whitehead's Swiftlet Aerodramus whiteheadi Scientific name definitions

Philip Chantler, Christopher J. Sharpe, and Peter F. D. Boesman
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated October 12, 2015

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Field Identification

13–14 cm; 14 g (one female). Large swiftlet with massive head and deep tail-fork; black-brown upperparts with some white rami but lacking paler rump; extensive pale fringing to lores and over eye; paler brown underparts; naked tarsi. Race origenis darker above and below. No information available as to whether or not species is capable of echolocation.

Systematics History

Editor's Note: This article requires further editing work to merge existing content into the appropriate Subspecies sections. Please bear with us while this update takes place.

In the past considered conspecific with A. orientalis, but apparently not closely related. Formerly linked with A. brevirostris, but differs in nest type and rump pattern. Has also been considered conspecific with A. papuensis, but does not lack fourth toe. Two forms previously listed as races of present species are now synonymized with other congeneric taxa: tsubame with A. vanikorensis palawanensis; and apoensis with A. mearnsi. Many old records attributed to this species refer in fact to A. vanikorensis amelis. Two subspecies recognized.

Subspecies

Single record from Negros (Mt Kanla-on) in 1998 (1).


SUBSPECIES

Aerodramus whiteheadi whiteheadi Scientific name definitions

Distribution

Mt Data, in N Luzon (N Philippines).

SUBSPECIES

Aerodramus whiteheadi origenis Scientific name definitions

Distribution

Mt Apo, Mt Kitanglad and Mt Matutum (also at unnamed locality in same province as Matutum), on Mindanao (S Philippines).

Distribution

Editor's Note: Additional distribution information for this taxon can be found in the 'Subspecies' article above. In the future we will develop a range-wide distribution article.

Habitat

Recorded only from naturally forested, montane sites, with all specimens coming from above 1000 m.

Movement

Presumed resident.

Diet and Foraging

Not known.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

No information.

Breeding

Nestling and nests collected from Mt Apo early Jul, where four rounded nests found in hollow tree, consisting of green bryophytes with fibrous vegetable matter but apparently lacking saliva nest-cement, are considered by some to have been made by origenis.

Not globally threatened. Currently considered Data Deficient. Restricted-range species: present in Luzon EBA and Mindanao and the Eastern Visayas EBA. Known from only four mountains: one on Luzon (nominate whiteheadi) and three on Mindanao (race origenis). Luzon specimens come from Mt Data in 1895, with no subsequent records. On Mindanao, known from Mt Apo in 1904 and Mts Kitanglad and Matutum in 1993; specimens taken in 1990s at an unnamed locality in S Cotabato may or may not relate to latter Mt Matutum records. Additionally, several Aerodramus caught in mist-nets at Mt Kitanglad in Feb 1997, but not positively identified, are thought probably to have been this species (2). Population unknown. May be at risk from habitat loss; Mt Data already appears to have been deforested (2). Clearly in need of further study. Inaccessibility of known localities and identification difficulties (even with birds in the hand) frustrate determination of conservation status (3).

Distribution of the Whitehead's Swiftlet - Range Map
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  • Year-round
  • Migration
  • Breeding
  • Non-Breeding
Distribution of the Whitehead's Swiftlet

Recommended Citation

Chantler, P., C. J. Sharpe, and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Whitehead's Swiftlet (Aerodramus whiteheadi), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.whiswi1.01
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