Yellow-naped Amazon (Amazona auropalliata)

Treatment as conspecific with A. oratrix (which see) and A. ochrocephala has been common in recent decades (e.g. in HBW), but becoming increasingly unpopular with (among others) trade-control agencies; separation into three species plausible, but Caribbean populations in E Guatemala and NW Honduras appear to have hybrid status between present species and A. oratrix. Present species distinguished from other taxa in the ochrocephala complex by green head except for yellow nape (3); blackish-grey bill and nares (3); greyish eyering (1); reduced dull red or no red carpal patch (1). Race caribaea, however, possesses yellow forehead and some populations of parvipes have a small yellow frons (and can be pale-billed), suggesting genetic admixture with populations here attributed to A. oratrix lying to the W. Three subspecies currently recognized.