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Yellow Tyrannulet Capsiempis flaveola Scientific name definitions

John W. Fitzpatrick
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated January 1, 2004

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Introduction

The Yellow Tyrannulet is a unique yellowish flycatcher with a patchy distribution in southern Central and northern South America. With olive upperparts, yellow underparts, a long tail, and horizontal posture it resembles the doraditos (Pseudocolopteryx), except for its yellower face and neck. Its calls are bubbly and cheerful and include series of whistled notes and sputtery trills. It forages actively for arthropods in dense vegetation, generally in pairs or small groups. It avoids tall forest, preferring openings and edges with copious amounts of dense vegetation at low levels. It shows a particular fondness for bamboo.

Field Identification

11·5 cm; 8 g. Relatively long-billed tyrannid with upper mandible somewhat curved. Nominate race has prominent bright yellow supercilium, bright yellow broken eyering; dark yellowish-olive above, crown slightly darker and with feathers somewhat elongated to form bushy crest; wings and tail dusky olive, two broad but indistinct wingbars pale yellow to buffy yellow; throat yellow, face yellowish, underparts bright saturated yellow, breast tinged ochraceous, side of breast tinged olive; iris dark brown; bill black, lower mandible typically pale at base; legs dark grey. Sexes alike. Juvenile resembles adult. Races differ mainly in coloration and bill size, also wingbars generally more distinct in N: semiflava has much paler yellow underparts; leucophrys has pure white supraloral area and most of supercilium, whitish throat; cerula is larger and longer-billed than others except previous, from which it differs in having all-yellow supercilium; magnirostris has larger bill, pale yellow supercilium.

Systematics History

Editor's Note: This article requires further editing work to merge existing content into the appropriate Subspecies sections. Please bear with us while this update takes place.

Proposed race amazona (Guianas, N & EC Brazil), described from very few specimens, appears to be not reliably distinguishable from cerula in larger series of specimens. Five subspecies recognized.

Subspecies


SUBSPECIES

Capsiempis flaveola semiflava Scientific name definitions

Distribution

SE Nicaragua S to EC Panama, including Coiba I; recently reported, status uncertain, in E Honduras (1).

SUBSPECIES

Capsiempis flaveola leucophrys Scientific name definitions

Distribution

NC Colombia (Sucre E to Magdalena Valley) and NW Venezuela (base of Sierra de Perijá S to Táchira and W Mérida, and SW Lara).

SUBSPECIES

Capsiempis flaveola cerula Scientific name definitions

Distribution

locally E of Andes in Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, N Brazil (NW Amazonas and R Branco E to Amapá), NE Ecuador, NE and SE Peru and N Bolivia.

SUBSPECIES

Capsiempis flaveola magnirostris Scientific name definitions

Distribution

SW Ecuador (W Pichincha S to Guayas and El Oro).

SUBSPECIES

Capsiempis flaveola flaveola Scientific name definitions

Distribution

SE Bolivia (Santa Cruz) E to E and SE Brazil (Paraíba S to Rio Grande do Sul), E Paraguay and NE Argentina (Misiones).

Distribution

Editor's Note: Additional distribution information for this taxon can be found in the 'Subspecies' article above. In the future we will develop a range-wide distribution article.

Habitat

Humid lowland habitats away from tall forest; dense thickets, vine tangles and bamboo stands, including those associated with large forest openings and edges of lakes and streams; also dense second growth, and low, dense, scrubby vegetation in overgrown pastures and coffee plantations; also mangroves. Found in thickets of gallery forest in Colombia and N Brazil; in shrubby vegetation on sandy soil in Surinam; apparently restricted to dense Guadua bamboo stands in SE Peru; dense forest edges and restinga in Brazil. To 1500 m, mostly lower.

Movement

Resident.

Diet and Foraging

Small insects; occasionally small fruits and berries. Almost always forages in pairs or in family groups of 3–4 individuals, rarely joins mixed-species flocks. Very active, restlessly moving about through thick vegetation, often difficult to see. Food obtained mostly by perch-gleaning; occasionally by sallying short distances (less than 1 m) to hover-glean prey from leaf surfaces, rarely in aerial sallies.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Extremely vocal, with variety of pleasant whistled or jumbled sputtery notes, mellow single or double whistles, excited variable mix of whistled notes, e.g. “pit-te-keek” or “wheet-eet, wheet-eet, whee” or “taytirééti”, repeated many times in succession, sometimes speeding up; often sung by both members of pair as duet. Also dry, nasal trill, “brrrrrrrt”.

Breeding

Apparently in virtually all months in Costa Rica, and perhaps also in Panama (nest found in Sept); Apr–May in Colombia and Jul probably through Dec in E Peru; fledgling in Nov in Brazil. Nest (Costa Rica) a substantial open cup of light-coloured plant fibres, grass blades, bark shreds or moss, with moss or selaginella attached to outer wall, placed 3–6 m up in fork or crevice of low tree or tall, dense shrub. Clutch 2 eggs; incubation and fledging periods not documented.

Not globally threatened (Least Concern). Uncommon to common. Occurs in many national parks and other protected areas throughout its extensive range, e.g. Río Negro Jaguar Reserve and Tarcol Lodge, in Costa Rica, Río Claro Reserve and Tinigua National Park, in Colombia, Machalilla National Park and Río Palenque Science Centre, in Ecuador, Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve, in Peru, Caaguazú, San Rafael and Ybycuí National Parks, all in Paraguay, and Iguaçu, Itatiaia, Serra da Canastra and Tapajós National Parks, all in Brazil. Given its tolerance of converted habitats and secondary habitats, this species is not considered likely to become threatened in near future. Recorded in Honduras in 2014 (2).

Distribution of the Yellow Tyrannulet - Range Map
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Distribution of the Yellow Tyrannulet

Recommended Citation

Fitzpatrick, J. W. (2020). Yellow Tyrannulet (Capsiempis flaveola), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.yeltyr1.01
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